Measurement Of Moderate Scale Of Dwarf Apple Planting And Its Influencing Factors

"Small farmers in big countries" is our basic national conditions,and small-scale family management is the original system of agriculture.China’s apple cultivation is mainly based on small-scale decentralized operation of households,and too small scale will limit the application of modern machinery and technology,which is not conducive to promoting agricultural modernization.With the implementation of the policy of prohibiting non-grain use of protective arable land in China and the deepening of rural aging,the traditional apple cultivation mode has the problems of low factor input efficiency,high consumption and low output,and the vigorous stock apples with large labor volume,late results and low output can no longer adapt to the development of the apple industry.The apple dwarf cultivation mode replaces the vigorous stock cultivation mode,which can promote the transformation and upgrading of apple cultivation from small-scale decentralized operation to intensive,organized,large-scale and professional moderate-scale operation.In this context,promoting the moderate scale operation of dwarf apples is in line with the development trend,and it is also a necessary exploration to realize the important path of apple industry upgrading.Based on the questionnaire survey data of 174 dwarf apple growers in 3(cities and districts)in Shaanxi Province conducted by the apple industry economic research team in 2022,this paper constructs a profit maximization model based on the Cobb Douglas production function to calculate the optimal land area for farmers to plant dwarf apples,and verifies its consistency with the moderate operation scale of apple growers without differentiated cultivation mode.On this basis,the influence of factors such as individual,household,management and external environment characteristics on the planting scale of dwarf apple was empirically studied by stepwise regression method.The following conclusions are drawn: First of all,the dwarf apple planting of farmers in Shaanxi Province is in the stage of increasing scale returns,but the structure of farmers is aging,the education level is low,the labor quality is low,the production labor consumption is large,the degree of mechanization is low,and the advantages of dwarf apples are not brought into play.Secondly,the average optimal land size of ordinary farmers who cultivate dwarf apples is 29.4～37.8 acres,which is 5.2～6.8 times the average area of sample households at this stage.The scale of dwarf apple cultivation by farmers is generally small,not in the optimal land scale operation range,and the scale difference is still large.Increasing the size of the land can increase the yield of dwarf apple cultivation,thereby maximizing its profits.Different apple cultivation patterns,the moderate scale of planting is also different,and the optimal land scale for farmers to grow dwarf apples is larger and needs to circulate more land.At last,in the analysis of influencing factors,whether to join the production organization,whether to carry out apple production financing activities,and the satisfaction of the national dwarf planting policy support showed a significant positive impact on the scale of dwarf apple planting.The per capita annual household income has a significant effect on the dwarf apple planting area of more than 8 acres.According to the research conclusions,policy suggestions are put forward: 1.implement the moderate scale operation of dwarf apples according to local conditions,and guide fruit farmers with conditions to expand the average scale of dwarf apple growers.2.Cultivate new-type agricultural management entities,guide the organizational development of small-scale farmers,and train new-type professional farmers.3.increase policy support and guide capital to go to the countryside.4.accelerate the research and development of mechanization of the apple industry chain and improve the degree of mechanization.