Analysis Of Corn Production Status And Technical Demand Characteristics Of Households Of Different Scales

Maize is the largest grain crop,In China,which occupies an important strategic position in China’s food security.Since the 21 st century,Although significant progress and breakthroughs have been made in the field of agricultural technology in China,low conversion rate of agricultural scientific and technological achievements,advanced agricultural science and technology has not been effectively promoted,and problems such as non-standard and unsuitable planting techniques by households have become the main factors limiting the realization of corn yield potential.As the main body of corn planting production,households are the adopters and users of agricultural science and technology.With the advancement of land transfer,corn planting households gradually differentiate into different planting scales,leading to differences in the selection and demand of planting technologies among households of different planting scales.The key to improving the conversion rate of agricultural scientific and technological achievements in China and achieving the improvement of corn yield and planting efficiency requires a clear understanding of the current production status and technical requirements of households of different scales,in order to provide advanced and adaptive corn production technology and agricultural socialization services for households of different planting scales.Based on the above research objectives,this study takes Xunyi County as an example,starting from the perspective of households as the main body.Through questionnaire surveys,participatory observations,and interviews,combined with the demonstration and promotion practice of corn mechanization production technology,the current situation and technical demand characteristics of households’ corn production are investigated and studied.Based on the statistical yearbook and survey questionnaire data,households are divided into small-scale We analyzed the problems and differences in household characteristics,corn production technology selection,agricultural production factor input,and agricultural science and technology needs of households of different scale in Xunyi County,with three different main types of moderate and large-scale households.We also proposed targeted countermeasures and suggestions for the corn production status and technology demand characteristics of households of different scale.The results are as follows:1.There are certain similarities and differences in the basic characteristics of households of different sizes of households.The age structure of households in the research area is aging,and their education level is relatively low.The situation of households becoming part-time workers is common.The aging problem of small and medium-sized households is severe,and their education level and agricultural technology training rate are far lower than those of largescale households,lacking effective understanding of their own planting varieties.The age structure of large-scale households is relatively young,and their education level has significantly improved.Moreover,large-scale households engaged in corn planting and production have strong profitability,and a relatively high proportion of households have received agricultural training.They have a good understanding of the corn varieties planted and a strong demand for agricultural technology.2.There are structural differences in the selection of technology and input factors for corn planting and production among households of different scales.Mechanization and scaling are the main trends in the future development of local corn production.From the perspective of corn planting production technology selection,the overall corn planting management technology of households in the research area is extensive,and households prefer to use light and simplified cultivation management technology.Large scale households tend to choose technology intensive technologies,achieving full mechanization of corn production from planting to harvesting.Small scale households are more inclined to invest household labor to reduce the cost of mechanical inputs in corn planting and production.Most of the production techniques of medium-sized households are similar to those of large-scale households,but they retain the characteristics of small-scale households in field management and harvesting.From the perspective of factor input,the labor cost input in the research area is the main source of difference in factor input for households of different scales.The cost of fertilizer and agricultural materials for households is high,and mechanized operations have a significant effect on cost reduction and efficiency increase.There is a significant difference in total investment among small-scale,medium-sized,and large-scale households,and it is manifested as total investment of small-scale households>total investment of medium-sized households>total investment of large-scale households.3.The variety needs,technical requirements,and access to technology vary among households of different scales.From the perspective of variety demand characteristics,smallscale and medium-sized households are more inclined to choose high-yield and stable highyield late maturing corn varieties,while large-scale households have a higher demand for highyield,resistance to lodging,and suitable direct grain harvesting corn varieties.From the perspective of technological demand,small-scale and medium-sized households have a higher priority in demand for mechanized production technology,while large-scale households have a higher demand for densification planting technology.Households of different scales lack soil protection awareness and insufficient demand for conservation tillage technology.From the perspective of access to agricultural technology extension services,the dominant position of the agricultural technology extension department has decreased,and commercial agricultural service organizations and high-yield demonstration households have a place in the main body of agricultural technology extension for households of different scales.The network has gradually replaced radio and television as an important promotion channel.Agricultural socialized services mainly focus on large-scale households,and the trend of large-scale corn planting is good.However,the needs of small and medium-sized households in actual production are ignored,and the problem of disconnection between agricultural socialized services in various production links is serious.The problem of mismatch between varieties and technologies among small and medium-sized households is prominent.4、Based on the analysis of maize production status and technical demand characteristics of households of different sizes in Xunyi County,large-scale maize planting production and mechanization are the main direction of future maize industry development in Xunyi County.We should rely on scientific and technological progress and moderate scale planting,adhere to the mechanization direction of dense planting and high yield,and speed up technology research and development and integration.The planting density was gradually increased from60,000 plants/ha to about 75,000 plants/ha through the selection and application of early maturing,dense tolerant and easy to harvest maize varieties.Actively develop and popularize the application of slow control formula fertilizer one-time stratified mechanization fertilization technology.The quality and fertility of cultivated land were improved by straw returning,deep tillage and deep loosening,soil improvement and fertility cultivation.Strengthen the level of machinery and equipment,realize the integration of deep loosening(turning),fertilization,seeding,soil covering and suppression,and improve the quality of seeding.5、Based on the analysis of the difference of technology acquisition ways and efficiency of households with different planting scales,it is necessary to adapt to the needs of households with different planting scales in terms of culture,scale and economic basis,integration of maize production technology models adapted to the needs of households of different sizes..It is necessary to accelerate the rapid transmission of agricultural scientific and technological achievements through multi-channels and diversified methods of technology demonstration and training.In addition to holding on-site observation,technical reports,technical training,household guidance,media publicity and the distribution of technical materials,the focus should be on the construction of agricultural science and technology demonstration bases,through the demonstration and guidance of new varieties of corn,new technologies,new equipment and new models,to achieve the driving role of "show households,lead households".To realize the interaction between scientific and technological achievements,expert teams,technology extension and households’ needs.