Effects Of Soil Nutrition And Meteorological Factor On Fruit Quality Of ’Golden Delicious’ Strains Apples

Soil nutrition and meteorological factors are important foundations that affect fruit quality.Fruit quality is a key measure of the quality and commercial value of fruit,generally divided into external quality and internal quality.In this study,11 ’Golden Delicious’ strain apple samples from9 orchards in Ningxia were selected as research objects,and the relationship between soil nutrition,temperature,sunshine hours and fruit quality was measured and analyzed.Factors affecting the improvement of fruit quality of ’Golden Delicious’ strain apples were obtained,providing a theoretical basis for improving soil nutrition ratio,temperature regulation,and reasonable light exposure to promote the vigorous development and scientific management of ’Golden Delicious’ strains apples in Ningxia.The main conclusions of this study were as follows:1.The soil nutrition of Wuzhong Forest Farm,Wanqi Agriculture,Futeng Fruit Industry,and Tongda Company were relatively good,and soil nutrition indicators were among the top.The correlation between soil nutrition and fruit quality was highest at a depth of 20-40 cm,indicating that 20-40 cm was the main area where fruit trees absorbed soil nutrition.Soil organic matter,hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,exchangeable calcium,and the Vc content,single fruit weight,longitudinal and transverse diameter,and texture indicators of the’Golden Delicious’ strains apples fruit quality were significantly correlated(p <0.05).This indicated that under weakly alkaline p H conditions,sufficient nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,and trace elements in the soil at a depth of 20-40 cm were conducive to the apple development.The nitrogen,calcium,and iron content in the soil were positively correlated with esters in the fruit aroma;nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,boron,and alcohols in the soil were positively correlated with alcohols in the fruit aroma,indicated that sufficient nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium,calcium,iron,and other elements in the soil were conducive to the production of fruit aroma substances.2.Orchards with higher sunshine hours included Qukou Farm,Futeng Fruit Industry,Pengsheng Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,and Shapotou Fruit Industry.Apples from these orchards had high soluble solids content,total acid content,bright color,and a crispy,sweet taste.The cumulative sunshine hours were positively correlated with fruit quality within a certain range,indicated that they were conducive to the development of the ’Golden Delicious’ strain apple fruit quality.In terms of aroma,orchards with higher sunshine hours,such as Qukou Farm and Futeng Fruit Industry,had more esters and alcohols in their fruit aroma,indicateing that under certain conditions,with the increase of sunshine hours,more aromatic substances were produced in the fruit.3.The fruit from orchards with higher temperatures,such as Futeng Fruit Industry,Wanqi Agriculture,and Xinyuanxiang Agricultural and Livestock,had higher solid acid content,better flavor,good chewiness,and larger fruit size.We found that temperature was positively correlated with fruit quality from May to September under certain conditions.As for aroma quality,orchards with higher temperatures had more secretion of ester compounds,and resulted in better fruit quality.