Study On Fuji And Golden Delicious Growth And Fruit In Rain Shelter Cultivation

Rain shelter cultivation techniques introduced into our country, especially Vitis vinifera cultivated in southern China has achieved great success. Regions where have more rain, the rain shelter cultivation has the advantage of changing garden microclimate, reduce the incidence of the spread of fungal diseases that depend on rainfall, effectively reducing the use of pesticides, reducing pesticide residues of fruit, reducing environmental pollution. Rain shelter cultivation can significantly improve fruit yield and fruit appearance, against wind, rain, hail, frost and other inclement weather, reduce the incidence of pests and diseases.Wetter in summer in Jiangsu, apple tree has serious disease, high management costs and fruit commodity worse. The purpose of this study was to solve the problems faced by apple production in Jiangsu provience, rain shelter cultivation techniques were used, apple orchard environmental factors, the quality of apple fruit and apple leaf growth were learned, to explore the rain cultivation techniques in apple production of application possibilities. Results are as follows:1. With11-year-old ’Fuji’ and ’Golden Delicious’ apple plants as the materials, the study compared the impact of environmental and disease between two cultivation models. The results showed that:sunny facility, outside temperature, humidity and ground temperature changes in the same trend, changes in humidity and temperature have a greater correlation, showing the opposite trend. Throughout the growing season, as the depth increases, soil temperature amplitude decreases. Shelter facilities in the different depths of soil temperature and exposed to conditions at different depths of soil temperature difference is small. Shelter facilities cover material to reduce the light intensity within the facility, covering the film to approximately80%of the open field light intensity, covering the thick film is about60%. Rain shelter cultivated apple fruit set rate of70%, significantly higher than60%of the open field. Pesticide spraying in rain shelter cultivation was less frequently than in open field, the incidence of ring rot, anthracnose, alternaria leaf spot and other major diseases were lower than the open field.2. In order to explore the effect of sheltering from rain on apple leaf growth, with 11-year-old ’Fuji’ and ’Golden Delicious’ plants as the materials, and the impact of leaf growth between rain shelter cultivation and open field were learned. The results showed that, leaf thickness was significantly better than that in open field. The light intensity in rain shelter cultivation was lower than open field; chlorophyll content in rain shelter cultivation was higher than open field. There were significant differences of leaf’s content of mineral elements between two kinds of cultivation model. The expressions of photosynthesis related genes psaB、psbA、psbD、RA、atpB were difference. AtpB gene was the most obvious; it is only expressed in the rain cultivation, but the expression of psbA without cultivation methods. The study provided an important basis for the application of sheltering from rain on apple.3. To investigate the effects of sheltering from rain on fruit quality, fruit quality and yield between open field and rain shelter cultivation were compared. The results showed that fruit surface characteristics in rain shelter cultivation were significantly better than that in open field, smooth surface, less fruit rust and good color; Fruit color in rain shelter was better than that in open field, peel chlorophyll content and carotenoid content were lower than that in open field but anthocyanin content was higher. The peel chlorophyll content of ’Fuji’ in open field was3.564μg/cm2, in rain shelter cultivation was lower than1.500μg/cm2, but anthocyanin content in rain shelter cultivation was50%higher. Fruit cracking rate and water content of soil in rain shelter cultivation were lower than in open field; cracking rate in open field was11%while3%in rain shelter cultivation. Fruit surface smooth and coloration index were significantly better than that in open field. However, the fruit hardness, titratable acid and contents of reducing sugar were lower than in open field. Vitamin C of fruit in open field was higher than rain shelter cultivation, Vc was7.44mg/100g, while4.53-6.35mg/100g in rain shelter. There were no significant variations on the soluble solids content, fruit weight and fruit dimension. The mean yield was higher in rain shelter cultivation than in open field. Rain shelter cultivation significantly improve the fruit marketability and fruit yield,’Fuji’ production can be achieved36110.00kg/hm2significantly higher than those exposed to32153.90kg/hm2.