The Study Of Correlation Between Illumination Distribution And Fruit Quality In Two Kinds Of Shape Structure

Applying 24-year old Golden Delicious apple trees as testing materials, using the methods of combining field biological and ecological investigation and indoors analysis, light distribution and its effects on spatial distribution of branches, leaves, fruit qualities were systematically studied on big and sparse canopy shape and small and sparse canopy shape. The main results were summarized as follows:1. The distribution of light intensity: Light radiation intensity increases gradually from bottom to top and inner to outer of canopy. Light intensity of the upper layer and outer position was similiar in two shapes, but it was different significantly in interior, midst, underlayer and middle of canopy. The proportion of relative solar radiation intensity was high in interior and midst of small sparse canopy shape; in which the intensity of illumination reached 12023lx(interior of big canopy), 29798lx(interior of small canopy), 29929lx(midst of big canopy) and 37007lx(midst of small canopy), and the rate of illumination were 18.83% and 46.66%, 45.86%, 57.94%, respectively. Therefore, Light distribution of small and sparse canopy shape was uniform in every layer.2. The regularity of light quality: From 200.25nm to 352.03nm and from 713.64nm to 1062.42nm, interior＜midst＜exterior. From 200.25nm to 3580.7nm, superstramm＞middle＞underlayer. From 892.8nm to 1062nm, underlayer＞middle＞superstratum. However, there were differences from 352.49nm to 713.2nm in two shapes: (1) In horizontal direction, the quantity changes of radiation in small sparse canopy shape was followed: From 352.49nm to 396.38nm, there were no significant differences in interior and midst position of canopy but exterior of canopy was highest. From 396.84nm to 600.75nm, exterior＞interior＞midst. From 601.2nm to 691.11nm, exterior＞midst＞interior. From 91.56nm to 713.2nm, the midst position of canopy was highest, and the interior was least. However, from 352.49nm to 713.2nm, light intensity of big and sparse canopy shape from low to high was as follows: interior＜midst＜exterior.(2)In vertical direction, The quantity changes of radiation in small sparse canopy shape was followed: From 200nm to 380.7nm. the quantity of radiation was no significant difference in superstratum and middle-level of canopy; and there was no significant difference in middle-level of canopy and underlayer from 381.17nm to 840.05nm. However, in big canopy, from 381.17nm to 502.47nm and from 655.19nm to 688.9nm, radiation of superstratum was higher than middle and underlayer, among of them, middle was the least.The results were obtained by aggregate analysis. From 200nm to 1062.42nm, the radiation quantity of small sparse canopy shape was higher than big sparse canopy shape in every layer besides exterior.3. The spatial distribution of branches and leaves: The number of branches in midst position of canopy was more than exterior and interior of canopy, and most of them were middle and super which were primary part to bear fruit. Most of ultralong branches to bear fruit distributed in exterior of canopy. The rate of branches to bear fruit in small sparse canopy shape (22.01%) was larger than big sparse canopy shape (17.19%), but the rate of branches whose fruit fell off (2.01%)was lower than big sparse canopy shape. The composition of branches of two shapes was different in foliage branch, and the number of phyllome branch in small canopy(31.39%) was larger than big canopy(25.64%).4. Quantity of radiation received by fruit and leaves decreases gradually from top to below and from exterior to interior in big and small canopy. Ultra-violet, visible light and infrared ray received by fruit and leaves were significant deviation in interior, midst position and underlayer of canopy in two shapes. Visible light and UV-B received by fruit were different in superstratum and exterior of big and small canopy. Radiation received by leaves was higher than fruit.5. Fruit quality was significant deviation in interior, midst and underlayer of canopy, Such as total sugar, vitamin C, anthocyania, chlorophyll, carotenoid. All of them showed small canopy higher than big canopy. However, fruit quality was small variability in exterior, superstratum of canopy besides chlorophyll. Total sugar (F=8.2856~*), chlorophyll (F=10.2749~*) were significant deviation in two shapes. Total sugar(F=7.2153~*), anthocyan (F=18.988~**) were significant deviation in different layers. Single weight of fruit in small canopy(150～180g) was higher than big canopy. But soluble solid and protein were no differences in two shapes. In general, fruit quality of interior and underlayer was improved by small sparse canopy shape.