Study On The Difference Of Intestinal Microflora And Its Metabolites Of Hainan Special Wild Boar Of Different Sex

Intestinal microbes are vital to the physiology and health of animals.Studies have shown that diet,environment,age,and gender can affect the changes in intestinal microbes.Among them,there is no uniform conclusion on whether gender will affect the intestinal flora,and the impact of castration on intestinal microbes has not been fully studied.Therefore,it is very necessary to research the intestinal flora of Hainan special wild boars of different sexes under the same diet.In this research,30 Hainan special wild boars at the same growth stage were randomly selected,including 10 entire male pigs,10 female pigs and 10 castrated male pigs.All pigs were raised in the same way.The following three parts of experiments were carried out for this study: first,the richness and diversity of microorganisms in three groups of pig feces were compared by 16 s r RNA gene sequencing;then,the metabonomics of feces was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS);finally,the short-chain fatty acid(SCFA)in feces was detected by gas chromatography(GC).16S rRNA gene sequencing showed the structure of fecal microorganisms of Hainan special wild boar were different in different genders.The fecal microbial richness and diversity of female pigs were higher than those of entire male pigs,and castrated male pigs were between them.At the phylum level,the abundance of Proteobacteria was the highest in entire male pigs,and the abundance of Actinobacteria in castrated male pigs was the highest.The abundance of Bacteroidetes and Kiritimatiellaeota in female pigs was significantly higher than that in entire male pigs and castrated male pigs.At the family level,the abundance of p-251-o5 in female pigs was significantly higher than that in entire male pigs and castrated male pigs,and the abundance of Streptococcaceae in entire male pigs was significantly higher than that in female pigs and castrated male pigs.At the genus level,the abundance of Ruminococcaceae＿UCG-005 in female pigs was significantly higher than that in entire male pigs and castrated male pigs,and the abundance of Christensenellaceae＿R-7＿group in castrated male pigs was higher than that in entire male pigs and female pigs.In addition,the contents of Streptococcus and Lactobacillus were the highest in entire male pigs.UPGMA analysis showed that entire male pig and female pig samples were clustered separately,some of the castrated male pig samples were clustered with entire male pig,and some of the castrated male pig samples were clustered with the female pig.The results of liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry(LC-MS)showed that the differential metabolites of Hainan special wild boar faeces were different in different sexes.A total of 625 differential metabolites were detected in entire male pigs and castrated male pigs,248 differential metabolites in female pigs and castrated male pigs,and 1060 differential metabolites in entire male pigs and female pigs.In addition,there were no significant differences in pathways between entire male pigs and castrated male pigs in positive ion mode,but there were significant differences in pathways in negative ion mode,while there were significant differences in pathways in the other two groups.The results of gas chromatography(GC)showed that the main short-chain fatty acids in the feces of Hainan special wild boar were acetic acid and propionic acid,and the contents of isobutyric acid and valeric acid were low.The contents of acetic acid and propionic acid in entire male pigs were significantly higher than those in female pigs,and those in castrated male pigs were between them.In addition,except that the content of isobutyric acid in castrated male pigs was higher than that in entire male pigs and female pigs,the contents of other three short-chain fatty acids in entire male pigs were the highest and those in female pigs were the lowest,but there was no significant difference between them.These results show that the fecal flora structure and metabolites of Hainan special wild boar are different in different genders.In short,sex will affect the fecal flora structure and metabolites of Hainan special wild boar.