Research On Vitality Characteristics And Influencing Mechanism Of Chongqing Waterfront Public Space Based On Multi-source Data

As an important open space in cities,urban waterfront public space is an important gateway to reflect the image and characteristics of cities and attract residents and foreign visitors.As the revival of urban waterfront spaces spreads globally,people find that urban waterfronts help restore or enhance the vitality of urban development and improve the international competitiveness of cities,such as the Seine waterfront in Paris,France,and the Han River waterfront space in Seoul,Korea.In China,the development and renovation of urban waterfronts have also received much attention.However,it is worth noting that despite the good design of waterfront spaces,the phenomenon of lively and cold waterfront public spaces still exists.How to improve and maintain the vitality of existing urban waterfront public spaces and meet the needs of residents and tourists has become the focus of current research on waterfront public spaces.At the same time,in the context of the current explosive growth of data,the use of multi-source big data to explore the characteristics of spatial vitality and the mechanisms of influencing factors has become a new development trend.However,most of the studies at this stage have explored the vitality in a single way,only taking the degree of crowd concentration as the only characteristic of spatial vitality,and lacking the consideration of vitality types and crowd evaluation feedback.Therefore,this paper attempts to explore the characteristics of the vitality of the riverfront public space systematically from the formation and composition of vitality,using multi-source big data,and investigate the internal influencing factors and mechanisms of vitality,so as to provide basis and suggestions for improving the vitality of urban riverfront public space.Based on a review of waterfront space,urban public space vitality and the application of multi-source data in vitality,the stages and components of vitality are clarified,and the external representation of vitality is emphasized to include the activity characteristics of the crowd itself and the emotional feedback characteristics of the crowd after the activity.The internal support of vitality is composed of the internal elements of the riverfront public space itself and the elements of the hinterland environment.Based on the above understanding,this paper takes the riverfront public space in the core area of Chongqing’s two rivers and four shores as the research object.Firstly,we use Baidu heat map and public review data as the characterization data reflecting spatial vitality,quantify the data with the help of Arc GIS and micro-word cloud,and analyze the vitality in four aspects: spatial distribution characteristics,time duration characteristics,type diversity characteristics and evaluation feedback characteristics.The data were quantified with the help of Arc GIS and other software.Secondly,the intrinsic influencing factors of the riverside public space are divided into two categories: spatial environment characteristics and hinterland spatial environment characteristics,and they are further refined,in which the spatial environment characteristics include 7 dimensions of scale,morphological characteristics,openness,recreational services,vegetation cover,site height difference,and shoreline hydrophilic,containing a total of 15 influencing indicators.The spatial environmental characteristics of the hinterland include regional location,road traffic,functional facilities,spatial morphology 4 dimensions,containing a total of 20 impact indicators.By quantifying the35 impact indicators within the 500-m buffer zone around the riverfront public space,correlation analysis is used to derive the impact factors and internal mechanisms of Chongqing’s riverfront public space in different vitality performance characteristics.From the viewpoint of the external manifestation of the vitality of the riverfront public spaces,the vitality of the same riverfront public space shows certain differences in different dimensions,with high clustering but low feedback,continuity and diversity.At the same time,despite the differences in the positioning and functions of various types of waterfront public spaces at the beginning of their construction,residents still have high expectations for green parks and slow-moving paths,which are not significantly reduced by the differences in their service levels.From the comprehensive assessment of the vitality of the riverfront public spaces,the following factors are ranked from highest to lowest: agglomeration characterization factor > feedback characterization factor > continuity characterization factor > diversity characterization factor;the average value of the vitality of the various types of riverfront public spaces is ranked as: viewing platform > slow walkway > city square > port pier >green park;the average value of the internal development of the various types of riverfront public spaces is ranked as: viewing platform > slow walkway > city square >port pier > green park.In terms of spatial distribution,the overall vitality of the riverfront public spaces is high for spaces close to the city and with convenient transportation,and low for spaces far from the central city,with the overall level of vitality of the riverfront public spaces in Yuzhong District generally being high,and the vitality of the riverfront public spaces in Jiangbei District and Nanan District generally being low.From the perspective of the factors influencing the external representation of each dimension of riverfront public space vitality: among the 35 factors selected in this paper,road network density,development intensity,surrounding residential density,density of internal facilities,and convenience of public transportation are positively correlated factors that have a more significant effect on the agglomeration representation of riverfront public space vitality,while distance from the urban center is negatively correlated;distance from the urban center and number of cultural facilities are positively correlated with the feedback representation of riverfront public space.The number of internal sanitation facilities,the diversity of internal facilities,the density of surrounding food and beverage facilities and the density of industrial facilities have a moderate positive correlation with the sustainability of the vitality of the riverfront public space,while the neighborhood scale has a negative correlation with the sustainability of the vitality;the number of internal sports and amusement facilities and surrounding public service facilities have a significant contribution to the diversity of the vitality of the riverfront public space.The number of sports and amusement facilities within the site and the surrounding public service facilities contribute significantly to the diversity of public space vitality along the river,while the distance from the city center and the density of scenic spots around the site have a moderate negative correlation with the diversity of public space vitality along the river.Finally,based on the results of the comprehensive assessment of vitality and the magnitude of the influence factors,this paper identifies the improvement priorities for each type of space and proposes suggestions for optimizing the significant influence factors for each dimension of vitality characteristics.