Research On The Wisdom And Spatial Patterns Of Traditional Villages Construction In Loess Plateau Of Northern Shaanxi Based On Stormwater Adjustment And Adaptability

In the Loess Plateau of Northern Shaanxi,human settlements have long been plagued by unbalanced distribution of precipitation resources and poor climate and ecological environment.The traditional villages with rich cultural connotations and regional characteristics widely distributed in northern Shaanxi are the wisdom crystallization of the working people in the construction of human settlements,and the real carrier of traditional farming culture.In the long process of development,these traditional villages have gradually formed the construction mode and traditional wisdom to adapt to the environment by "trial and error".The rainwater adaptive wisdom based on the characteristics of regional environment are still in use today,and have the value of in-depth mining and learning inheritance.Based on the theory of rain-flood control and hydrology,this paper studies the flood adjustment wisdom in the traditional villages of Loess Plateau in Northern Shaanxi from the perspective of flood adjustment.The contents of this paper are as follows: Based on the matching relationship between rain and flood process and topography,traditional villages are divided into three types: Riverside type,Ravine type,and Platform type traditional villages.Based on the process of the adjustment of rain and flood,the research scale is divided into three levels: under the "micro-watershed scale",the relationship between the topography and the river course of the three types of traditional villages is analyzed,the features of the mountain-water site selection of the three types of villages are explored,and the rules of the features of the village site selection are summarized;under the "village scale",the five types of elements within a certain range around the villages are extracted,the layout features of the elements are summarized,and the elements of the village type are summarized,and the spatial layout model of the elements of the three types of villages is extracted;under the "site scale",the typical systematic villages(Zhenjiawan Village,Heyi Village and Nianpan Village)are selected to carry out onthe-spot investigation,and the measures such as village drainage,rainwater storage,disaster prevention and mitigation are analyzed,and the spatial model of the adjustment measures of rain and flood is summarized through graphic language.The main conclusions of this paper are as follows:1.Traditional villages are divided into three types(Riverside type,Ravine type,and Platform type)based on topography and topography,and the location characteristics of three types of traditional villages are analyzed from topography and river relationship: the spatial characteristics of Riverside type traditional villages are "waterside selection and living,back to the mountain";the spatial characteristics of Ravine type traditional villages are "building on the hillside,near by the ditch far for the river";the spatial characteristics of Platform type traditional villages are " deep gullies and narrow rivers,and houses are built on the tableland top ";2.The spatial model of the “Riverside type” villages of “land road bank protection,road drainage pond storage,forest irrigation and slope protection”,the spatial model of the “Ravine type” villages of “Ravine slope building,Ravine bottom forming farmland,forest irrigation and ditch protection” and the spatial model of the “Platform type” villages of “Ravine top ditch avoidance,open layout,forest field protection”.3.Based on the investigation of typical traditional villages,the adjustment mechanism of the stormwater measures in the villages was analyzed,from the aspects of drainage,water use,water storage,disaster prevention,etc.The site space patterns of different types of villages are proposed.