Research On Identification And Optimization Strategies Of Rural Human Settlement Space Changes In Wuqi County Under The Guidance Of Shrewd Contraction

In recent years,with the introduction of strategies such as new-type urbanization and rural revitalization,the role and status of rural areas in urban-rural relations have become higher and higher,and the requirements for healthy rural development have become higher and higher.Under this development trend,due to the traditional concept of development,the traditional concept of development has failed to make adjustments in the context of shrinking rural society and economy,resulting in many development problems such as hollow villages,aging villages,abandoned arable land,and insecure life.Wuqi County is located in the core hinterland of the gully area of the Loess Plateau,and its ecological environment is extremely fragile,but it still takes oil exploitation as the leading industry,and the ecological pressure is more prominent.Under the policy guidance of returning farmland to forest and soil erosion protection in the past decade,the rural areas of Wuqi County are facing the dual pressure of ecological protection and economic development,and the population loss phenomenon is extremely obvious.Therefore,under the background of rural contraction in Wuqi County,exploring a shrewd development path is of great significance to the optimization of rural living space and the coordinated and sustainable development of rural areas in Wuqi County.Based on the perspective of "smart contraction",this paper takes the rural area of Wuqi County in Yan’an City as the research object,uses the population and rural construction land data of Wuqi County in 2010 and 2020,and uses a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis methods to study the population,construction land and overall change characteristics of rural living space in Wuqi County in the past ten years,and divides the types of changes in rural living space in Wuqi County.From the two dimensions of natural environment and social economy,the important influencing factors related to the change of rural living space in Wuqi County were discussed,and their influence mechanism on rural living space with shrinkage characteristics was analyzed.This paper discusses the inevitability and feasibility of "smart contraction" of rural living space in Wuqi County,optimizes the strategy of rural living space in the county from the aspects of goals,paths and strategies at the overall level,and puts forward specific optimization suggestions and strategies for rural living space under the trend of contraction.The results show that from 2010 to 2020,the rural living space in Wuqi County as a whole showed a trend of shrinkage of people and land reduction,and according to the results of the division of rural living space types,the rural living space in Wuqi County was mainly dominated by people and land reduction and shrinkage villages,reaching 3/4of the total number of villages.And in the process of change,the rate of change of rural population is much higher than the rate of change of rural living space,due to the role of "spatial inertia",the characteristics of human settlement,without active guidance,the change of rural living space continues to lag behind the change of rural population,showing a state of "following but not synchronizing",and the rural "human-land" relationship is facing the dilemma of uncoordinated development.At the same time,through the analysis of the influencing factors affecting the change of rural living space in Wuqi County,it is found that natural factors such as vulnerable areas of soil erosion,high-altitude areas,and loess liangmao landform types have a greater impact on rural population contraction.Among the influencing factors at the socio-economic level,good economic development and infrastructure construction have a greater positive impact on the change of rural living space,while the higher the rate of rural population decline in areas with low transportation accessibility,the more imbalanced the relationship between people and land.With the advancement of the new urban-rural relationship,the dependence of rural areas in northern Shaanxi on arable land has become more and more reduced,and the richness of secondary and tertiary industries has a more obvious impact on the loss of rural population.Taking the diluted rural Goumen Village,the atrophic rural Fengsi Village and the shrinking village Xuecha Village as the specific objects,this paper puts forward optimization strategies such as the serious population loss and aging,the chaotic and disorderly construction land,the lack of supporting public service facilities,and the large difference in the vacant style of homesteads faced by the development of various types of rural living space,so as to realize the revitalization and development of rural living space under the background of contraction.