Research On Visual Evaluation And Optimization Strategies For The Landscape Of Xi’an’s Historical And Cultural Districts

Most of the historical and cultural districts have unique material and spiritual cultural values,preserve precious historical resources,possessing their own life memory and historical heritage,being the deposition of the times and the symbol of the nation,and moreover the best witness of ancestral historical and cultural activities.In recent years,with the development of the city,the development and construction of historical and cultural districts has placed more emphasis on commercial value,neglecting the aesthetic and significance of the visual aspects of the landscape,and even more neglecting the inheritance and development of traditional culture.At the same time,in terms of research on related contents,the current domestic research on the optimization of the landscape of historical and cultural districts is mostly based on the qualitative summary of field research results,and rarely involves the quantitative analysis of the visual evaluation of the landscape.In the case of Xi’an’s historic and cultural districts,the study has never involved visual evaluation of the landscape.Therefore,in this paper,we conduct a landscape visual evaluation of the historic and cultural districts of Xi’an and use the evaluation results as a guide to study the optimization strategies of the districts,so as to better promote the conservation and development of the districts.The article firstly systematizes the research contents in the fields of historical and cultural district conservation and landscape visual evaluation at home and abroad,and summarizes the landscape resource elements of historical and cultural districts in the light of historical and cultural districts and the basic characteristics of their landscapes and the theories of district conservation,and then summarizes the object contents and relevant theories of landscape visual evaluation of historical and cultural districts.From the list of provincial historical and cultural districts published by the Shaanxi Provincial People’s Government,we can see that there are three historical and cultural districts in Xi’an(Beiyuanmen,Sanxuejie and Qixianzhuang),which were selected as the object of study after field visits and research.Based on the theoretical research and the basic data collected from the survey,the landscape resource elements of these three blocks are summarized and integrated,and divided into material environment elements and non-material cultural environment elements.These elements include the history development,the natural and man-made environment,the buildings and structures,the street pattern and the human characteristics.Then the SD method was chosen to evaluate the landscape visualization of the selected blocks,constructed a landscape visual evaluation system containing 26 evaluation items for the historic and cultural districts of Xi’an,and conducted a questionnaire survey.Factor analysis was conducted on the questionnaire data,and four common factors were extracted from the 26 evaluation items and named as global perception factor,spatial place factor,natural environment factor and cultural atmosphere factor.The comprehensive evaluation score of each block were calculated by combining the weights of the public factors,from the highest to the lowest being Sanxuejie(0.65),Qixianzhuang(0.51)and Beiyuanmen(0.44),and the scores of each public factor for each block were corrected.The evaluation contents were compared and analyzed according to the set evaluation levels,the results were 8 "fair" and 3 "excellent",and the problems of the the landscape of historic and cultural districts in Xi’an were summarized.Finally,based on the results of the landscape visual evaluation,design principles,key contents and strategies for landscape optimization of Xi’an’s historical and cultural districts are proposed,and theory and practice are combined to select the historic and cultural district of Qixianzhuang for the empirical application of the optimization strategies.This paper identifies problems through the means of landscape visual evaluation and conducts research on optimization strategies in a point-to-point manner,with a view to improving the visual landscape quality of Xi’an’s historic and cultural districts and providing reference for the visual evaluation and optimization studies of the landscapes of historic and cultural districts in other regions,so as to promote the renewal and development of the districts in a more scientific manner.