Study On The Optimization Of Township Rural Settlement Layout Based On Suitability Evaluation

Rural settlement land is the spatial carrier of production and life of rural population,and is an important part of China’s rural land use.Due to the long-term lack of scientific planning in rural areas,the phenomenon of land idleness and waste is serious,and the efficiency of land use is low,which not only restricts the development of rural areas,but also further aggravates the contradiction between supply and demand of land.As an important part of land layout optimization,land consolidation in rural settlements is one of the main means to solve rural land use problems and an inevitable choice in the social context of achieving intensive land use,improving farmers’ production and living conditions as well as protecting arable land.The town of Zhiyang in Hancheng City is located in the transition zone between Guanzhong Plain and Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi Province,with complex topography and geomorphology.At the same time,due to the lack of village planning and the scattered layout of settlements,there is a mismatch between supply and demand of rural public services.In this context,this paper selects Zhiyang town as the research area,and with the support of GIS technology,firstly,analyzes the spatial layout characteristics of rural settlements by using Tyson polygon,kernel density estimation and landscape pattern index;secondly,divides the research area into 197,750 30m×30m grids,and selects indicators from natural,economic and social aspects to evaluate the suitability of settlement layout;finally.Finally,by combining the two methods of comprehensive landscape index and suitability evaluation,the rural settlements in the study area are classified into four types: key development category,industry cultivation category,internal reorganization category,and evacuation and relocation category,and the corresponding optimization strategies are proposed.The main conclusions are as follows.(1)The overall spatial layout of rural settlements in Zhiliang town varies greatly.The Cv value of rural settlements in the town is 202.24%,which is much larger than 64% and belongs to the aggregated distribution type,with topographic conditions,economic level and public services as the main influencing factors;the value of nuclear density of rural settlements in the town varies from 0.21/km2 to 38.16/km2,showing "one main core and many secondary cores " The high value area is mainly distributed in the southeast,and the low value area is distributed in the northwest and central,which is similar to the trend of topographic and geomorphological changes in the study area;the maximum patch index,connectivity index,landscape separation index,landscape shape index and area-weighted average patch sub-dimension of rural settlements in Zhiliang Town are 5.91,1.48,0.99,39.98 and 1.09,indicating that the settlement patches in the study area have complex boundaries and irregular shapes,and have greater potential for optimization.(2)The natural,economic and social development conditions of rural settlements in the study area differ significantly.The scores of natural conditions range from 17.48 to99.03,with an overall decreasing pattern from southeast to northwest,and the number of settlements in the low,medium and high value areas are 117,403 and 805,respectively;the scores of economic conditions range from 16.42 to 89.81,with an overall decreasing pattern from central to north and south,and the number of settlements in the low,medium and high value areas are 176,726 and 423,respectively.The number of settlements in the low,middle and high value areas are 176,726 and 423 in order.The social condition score ranges from 14.44 to 80.44,showing a pattern of radiation from the two centers to the peripheral villages,with 207,568 and 550 settlements in the low,middle and high value areas,respectively.(3)The number of rural settlements in Zhiliang Town in the key development category,industry cultivation category,internal renovation category and evacuation and relocation category are 559,255,164 and 347 respectively,with an area of 303.06 hm2,101.74 hm2,60.37 hm2 and 24.43 hm2 respectively,accounting for 61.9%,20.78% and 12.33% and4.99% respectively.For settlements in the key development category,we should dig deeper into the internal land potential,accelerate the upgrading of industrial structure,and strengthen the comprehensive management of the countryside;settlements in the industry cultivation category should focus on developing leisure and tourism agriculture and extending the industrial chain;settlements in the internal transformation category should vigorously promote the balanced allocation of educational resources,improve the quality and efficiency of medical services,and build a multi-level social security system;settlements in the eviction and relocation category need to determine the The relocation direction should be determined through Voronoi diagrams,and attention should be paid to the comprehensive improvement of the land of the original settlement and the skills training of farmers after relocation.Based on the analysis of spatial layout characteristics and suitability evaluation of rural settlements in Ziyang Town,this study classifies them into four optimization types and proposes corresponding optimization strategies to provide scientific basis for the future rural settlement improvement and planning in Ziyang Town,which is conducive to promoting integrated urban-rural development.