| Along with the construction and development of rural revitalization,the spatial structure of the countryside and the way of life and production of the villagers have undergone great changes.And in this process,the "rural diseases" such as the uniform "templating" of rural construction,neglecting the needs of the villagers’ life and production,and the idling of new spaces have become more and more prominent.Rural planning and design should follow the internal logic of development and adapt to the local geographical characteristics,living environment and human needs.This paper selects Nanweizhuang village in Xinxiang as the research object,analyzes the rural spatial structure of the study area in 2002,2009 and 2022,and explores the characteristics of rural spatial evolution,spatial types and current situation during the 20 years,using a combination of hierarchical analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method to build a rural spatial adaptability evaluation model.Based on the rating results,the problems of rural space are analyzed in depth.Based on the current problems,the adaptive design strategy of rural space is proposed to renovate and improve Nanwei Zhuang Village.The research contents are as follows:(1)Analysis of the evolution and structure of rural settlement space.Under the combination of natural development of the village and policy promotion,the spatial evolution of Nanweizhuang village has gradually developed from the north and south sides to the inside,and the structural characteristics have gradually evolved from natural grouping to regular grid;the village street space is in the shape of a grid,and the main and secondary roads are clearly divided;the public space site lacks the spirit of place,and the space utilization rate is low;the architectural space is divided into three categories: traditional preserved dwellings,early renovated dwellings and new-style dwellings,and nearly 90% of the village are new-style dwellings.;agricultural space is rich in crop species,but the type of agricultural industry is single and the characteristics are weak;cultural space is missing,with poor cultural continuity and weak awareness of resource protection;ecological space is rich in plant resources,but the utilization efficiency in front of the house is not high.(2)Evaluation of the adaptability of the current situation of rural space.Using the combination of hierarchical analysis and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method,the evaluation model of the current adaptability of rural space of Nanwei Zhuang was constructed,and the overall score of rural space was 50,which was in the "medium" grade.The adaptation scores of each space are: building space(66),street space(65),public space(48),ecological space(42),agricultural space(37),and cultural space(33).The outstanding problems of each space are as follows: the architectural space has poor style characteristics,the street space has to be improved in terms of aesthetics and safety,the public space has poor functional diversity and richness of facilities,the ecological space has to be improved in terms of landscape sustainability,the agricultural space is relatively lacking in terms of landscape ornamental and experience,and the cultural space has some room for improvement in terms of traditional architecture protection,cultural landscape characteristics and local folklore attraction.(3)Strategies and methods for the optimization of rural space adaptability.Based on the current problems of rural space,the "adaptability" design strategy of rural space of Nanwei Zhuang is proposed.The planning and design of Nanweizhuang Village is based on the integration of streets and alleys to create greenery,increase architectural features,enrich public space functions,promote ecological sustainability,develop farming experience space,excavate and inherit rural culture,and create landscapes with local characteristics.The planning and design of Nanweizhuang Village is designed to meet the actual situation of the village and to adapt to the needs of "people" and "place",so as to improve the quality and adaptability of the rural spatial environment of Nanweizhuang Village. |
