| Faced with the increase in risk frequency and uncertainty,resilience theory provides a dynamic perspective and tools for contemporary urban development.The 14 th FiveYear Plan emphasizes building resilient cities,improving governance,and strengthening risk prevention and control in urban governance.Among them,as the focus of governance moves downward,community resilience has become the focus of research and practice.Especially since the outbreak of the new crown epidemic,the resilience capabilities of the community,such as self-organization and self-regulation,have been repeatedly emphasized.The Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development has issued a document that “resilient communities can build resilient cities”.Existing studies have mostly explored the reconstruction experience after natural disasters,while social and economic risks such as human factors,and methods for improving community resilience are urgently needed to be studied.Therefore,this study mainly explores how urban community resilience responds to the impact of socio-economic risks,what factors are mainly affected,and which community planning strategies can effectively improve community resilience.As the second largest city in Spain,Barcelona took the lead in setting up the Urban Resilience Department(Departamento de Resiliencia Urbana)in the world.In 2014,it was selected as one of the first 100 Resilient Cities in the world.Regional cohesion and strong community resilience.From 2007 to 2019,Barcelona experienced the impact of the global economic crisis,implemented a series of community planning and neighborhood assistance measures,accumulated rich practical experience,and significantly improved community resilience.The dynamic and multi-object quantitative assessment of community resilience helps to analyze the characteristics of community resilience changes and planning effects.Based on the theory of complex adaptive systems,this research first constructed a community resilience assessment framework of "members’ own materials-economy and public services-institutional organization-facility environment-social capital".Secondly,collected and sorted out more than 50 indicators of 71 neighbourhoods in Barcelona from 2007 to 2019,with a total of nearly 1,000 statistical records and more than80,000 interview records,and used a combination of entropy-TOPSIS evaluation model and analytic hierarchy process to assess Barcelona.Comprehensive measurement of community resilience.Thirdly,with the help of descriptive statistics in Spss,Arc GIS,Geo Da software,Moran index calculation,spatial interpolation analysis,geostatistical trend analysis and other methods,the overall characteristics of community resilience,distribution time and space pattern,and growth time and space pattern are explored.Then,based on the differences in the spatial distribution of the resilience of the Barcelona community,with the help of the differentiation factor detector,the saliency detector and the interaction detector in the geographic detector model,the main influencing factors and their effects are analyzed.Finally,in order to clarify the effectiveness of the planning strategy in improving the resilience of the community,neighborhoods with four characteristics of high resilience-high growth,high resilience-low growth,low resilience-high growth and low resilience-low growth were selected,and their community planning was sorted out.,Compare the changes in community resilience.The study found that:(1)The changes in the resilience of the Barcelona community can be divided into three stages: impact,recovery,and development,showing a trend of overall decline,partial recovery,and general rise.The social capital dimension has been affected the most and for the longest time.The spatial distribution of community resilience is positively correlated,and neighborhoods with high community resilience are mainly located in the southern part of the city.The resilient low-lying area in the northern part of the city was greatly affected during the shock phase,and its recovery was slow during the recovery phase.In the development phase,benefiting from the government’s assistance program,the development difficulties have been broken,showing a good growth momentum.(2)Community resilience is restricted by different factors,and the interaction between factors is strong.Place attachment and neighborhood satisfaction factors have strong explanatory power and significance for the spatial differentiation of community resilience,and they are the focus of improving community resilience.Factors related to the built environment can indirectly have an important impact on community resilience through interaction with local attachment and neighborhood satisfaction factors.(3)Building neighbourhood activity centers,increasing small green spaces and public activity spaces,and strengthening facility maintenance are common methods of community improvement among neighbourhoods.Combining heritage protection and public participation,these methods optimize public services and the environment of facilities,and promote young and middle-aged people.The local attachment of the crowd and community satisfaction have promoted the improvement of community resilience.The practice of community resilience in Barcelona can provide reference for our country,such as building a unified information platform to promote smart governance;identifying low-lying areas with resilience and cross-scale cooperation and assistance;creating community public spaces and enhancing regional cohesion;fostering community organizations and increasing public participation. |
