| Traditional villages have historical,artistic,scientific and cultural research values,and studying the spatial characteristics of traditional villages can provide a deeper understanding of the deeper inner qualities of traditional villages.The spatial form of a traditional village is the external form of the village after a long period of development of various factors,which carries material and immaterial culture.The unique natural environment and rich history and culture have made Zhangjiakou city have a number of traditional villages with great local characteristics,and the number is increasing.Although Zhangjiakou city is rich in traditional village resources and types,there is no quantitative study on the spatial morphological characteristics of villages from the perspective of traditional villages in Zhangjiakou city,which shows the necessity of the study.This paper takes the spatial morphological characteristics of traditional villages in Zhangjiakou city as the research object,and firstly analyzes and summarizes the research background,domestic and international review,theoretical concepts and formation background of traditional villages in Zhangjiakou city.Secondly,the research methods such as literature analysis,field survey and typology are used to qualitatively study the morphological types of traditional villages in Zhangjiakou City from three perspectives of geographical location,functional characteristics and morphological layout;again,the research methods such as GIS spatial analysis,boundary shape index and spatial sentence method are used,and with the help of analysis software such as Arc GIS,Depthmap,Excel and CAD,the Finally,based on the qualitative and quantitative research,we investigate the protection measures of the spatial form of traditional villages in Zhangjiakou.In the study of the spatial morphological characteristics of traditional villages in Zhangjiakou City from a qualitative perspective,the following conclusions are drawn: firstly,under the geographical location condition,mountainous villages have irregular street layout and dendritic spatial morphology;hilly villages have clear main axes and distinct structural levels;plain villages have obvious spatial cores,clear structural levels and good traffic accessibility.Secondly,under the condition of functional characteristics,the farming villages are located in the plain area,with large cultivated land area,strong sense of order and hierarchy of spatial structure,and regular spatial form;the commercial villages are located in the main commercial traffic routes,and the spatial form is mostly belt-shaped,with obvious spatial core and simple structural hierarchy;the defensive villages are located in the easy-to-guard and difficult-to-attack places due to the need of defense,and the spatial form is affected by the topography.Finally,under the condition of morphological layout,the building orientation of band-like villages is basically the same,with clear spatial structure hierarchy,influenced by topography or hydrology,and the village construction and development is in the form of band-like layout;the form of regimented villages is more single,basically in the form of compact regiment,with grid-like layout of streets and alleys and obvious spatial core.In the study of the spatial characteristics of traditional villages in Zhangjiakou City from a quantitative perspective,the following conclusions were drawn: firstly,GIS spatial analysis was used to analyze the characteristics of village locations at a macroscopic scale,and it was concluded that village locations were cohesively distributed,with the central agglomeration area in Weixian County and the secondary agglomeration area in Huai’an County,and the development direction was southwest-northeast.Under the influence of natural environment,most villages prefer to be located in the low hilly areas with flat terrain,sunny side and near water system;under the influence of social environment,most villages prefer to be located near county and township roads,far from national and provincial roads,far from central towns,with low economic development level and low population density.Secondly,using the boundary shape index method to analyze village boundaries at the mesoscopic scale,it was found that the most common morphological type was the cluster type,while the number of band-like and finger-like villages was consistent.This is because most of the villages are less affected by natural conditions and are located in low hilly areas with flat terrain,sunny sides and close to water systems.This natural geographic advantage provides most villages with intensive land and water for cultivation,so that the construction and development of villages follow nature and clan blood relations,forming clump-like villages with regular roads,clear structural levels and strong cohesion.Finally,using the spatial syntax to analyze the village structure at the microscopic scale,it is concluded that most villages have high spatial integration,good accessibility,strong hierarchy from open to private village space,which is conducive to communication with the outside world and takes into account its defensive nature,and the core of the village has cohesiveness for spiritual and material space.There is a negative correlation between the integration degree and depth value of villages,and the integration degree is lower in hard-to-reach areas.The overall comprehensibility of the village is high and easy to be understood by outsiders.In the study of spatial form conservation measures of traditional villages in Zhangjiakou City based on qualitative and quantitative perspectives,firstly,the cultural,scientific,artistic and economic values of village spatial forms are analyzed.Secondly,the problems of spatial form conservation in villages are summarized,including poor regional integrity and destruction of environmental patterns in the selection of village sites at the macroscopic scale;confusion in the spatial zoning of village boundaries at the mesoscopic scale;and the lack of street organization,decay of historical buildings and loss of intangible cultural heritage in the village structure at the microscopic scale.Finally,based on these problems,we propose measures for the protection of village sites at the macroscopic scale,such as concentrated and continuous protection,protection of growth poles and maintaining the integrity of environmental patterns;measures for the protection of village boundaries at the mesoscopic scale,such as dividing the boundary area into three types of protected areas: core protection area,construction control area and environmental coordination area;measures for the protection of village structures at the microscopic scale,such as improving the accessibility and recognition of the spatial structure of streets and alleys,developing The measures for the protection of village structure at the microscopic scale include improving the accessibility and recognition of the spatial structure of streets and alleys,formulating protection plans for historical buildings and elements,developing a database of intangible cultural heritage,establishing a living transmission mechanism,establishing an external exhibition platform and establishing a model for combining tourism and culture.The research innovation of this paper is mainly reflected in the following aspects: firstly,it is a municipal perspective cut,not limited to a single village perspective,and strengthens the analysis of village spatial morphology of a specific geographical unit.Secondly,the multidisciplinary approach is used,using geography,architecture,urban and rural planning and other disciplines to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the spatial morphological characteristics of villages.Again,it is a combination of qualitative and quantitative research,based on the qualitative study of village spatial morphology classification,the quantitative method is introduced into the study of village spatial morphological characteristics,which makes the study of village space more scientific and feasible.Finally,it is a multi-faceted systematic analysis,which classifies village spatial forms from three perspectives:geographical location,functional characteristics and morphological layout,and analyzes the location,boundary and structure of village spatial forms from macroscopic,mesoscopic and microscopic perspectives.This paper uses a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods to conduct a systematic and in-depth analysis of the spatial morphology of traditional villages in Zhangjiakou City,and summarizes the external spatial morphological characteristics of traditional villages.We hope to provide more accurate interpretation of spatial morphological characteristics for the research related to traditional villages in Zhangjiakou in the future,and then provide certain theoretical and practical guidance value for the planning and construction of traditional villages in Zhangjiakou in the future,so as to better protect and develop our valuable traditional village cultural heritage. |
