| Mountain is an important basis for the construction of traditional Chinese cities,and it is also a prerequisite for the selection and layout of ancient capitals.Ancient city planners surveyed land before site selection.’Mountain’ became the foundation of the capital by expressing the performance of kingship and the topography of geomancy.Construction of ancient capital was also based on land.The mountain pattern in the region provided the ’ geographical key core ’ for the early stage of the capital,and became the foundation of guiding the spatial evolution and stability of the capital.However,the location and layout of the capital is not necessarily unchanged,while with the succession of dynasties,constantly adjusted.Nanjing is a typical representative of dynamic construction.In the stable mountain situation of ’ the city like a tiger crouching;a dragon curling—forbidding strategic point’,radical changes took place in the city sites of the Six Dynasties and the Ming Dynasty,resulting in two different but self-consistent spatial patterns of ’ city-mountain ’ in the same city.So why does the same city form two ’ city-mountain ’ spatial patterns ? What causes this formation ? How are these two systems constructed ?Based on the qualitative research of ’ Grounded Theory ’ and the translation of historical maps,this study focuses on the historical and geographical changes of the urban-mountain relationship in Nanjing,and analyzes the natural landscape features of Nanjing in the Six Dynasties and the Ming Dynasty.Furthermore,the paper analyzes its impact on location and spatial structure of the capital.Finally,it summarizes the differences in the spatial scope and spatial structure of ’ city-mountain ’ between the Six Dynasties and the Ming Dynasty,and the influence of the military power mechanism,cultural power mechanism and social development mechanism on the differences.The paper is divided into three levels: basic research,model analysis and comparison.Basic research is carried out in the circle order of territorial space,regional space and urban space.Firstly,this paper explores the geographical situation of Nanjing capital under the territory.Then,the article clarifies the regional natural basement characteristics of urban mountain construction.Lastly,by combing the changes of the pattern of ’ city-mountain ’ in the metropolitan area,two key periods of this study were established in the Six Dynasties and the Ming Dynasty.In the aspect of pattern analysis,the spatial pattern of ’ city-mountain ’ in the Six Dynasties and Ming Dynasty was studied.First of all,based on the historical context of historical materials,understand the ancients of ’ mountain ’ image cognition and positioning.The cognition of the terrain,pattern and image of mountains is the initial driving force for the construction of ancient cities.Then,taking ’ core-axis-boundaryskeleton ’ as the research framework,the spatial pattern of ’ city-mountain ’ is analyzed.It is concluded that Nanjing chose the site and built the city according to the mountains,and finally developed into a harmonious urban-mountain relationship.Finally,horizontal comparison of the capital under the period,summed up the characteristics of the times between Jiankang City in the Six Dynasties and Nanjing City in the Ming Dynasty,and the continuation and innovation of Nanjing in the history of capital development.In terms of comparison and induction,this paper makes a comparative analysis of the differences between Jiankang City and Nanjing City in the spatial scope and spatial structure of ’ City-Mountain ’.It is concluded that ’ mountain ’ is a relatively static anchorage point in the change of capital city,and even can guide the development of city.The spatial pattern of ’ city-mountain ’ takes ’ mountain ’ as the basic point and constructs the urban core organization in the order of core,axis,boundary and skeleton.Based on that,it develops a harmonious urban space.Besides,the fundamental reason for the difference lies in the promotion and limitation of military power,cultural power and social development.Studying the changes of the spatial pattern of ’ city-mountain ’ in ancient Nanjing is helpful to understand the process and law of the association,conjunction and symbiosis between ancient city development and natural mountains,and to arouse and activate the cognition and understanding of ancient Chinese urban landscape culture.In order to better preserve local memory and highlight local characteristics in the planning and protection of ancient capitals in Nanjing.Also,provides historical reference for the construction of new Nanjing with landscape relevance and historical continuity. |
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