Research On Optimizing Strategy To Urban Community Built Environment Oriented To Public Health

Since 2016,the CPC Central Committee and The State Council have gradually issued and issued a series of policies and documents,including the Outline of the "Healthy China 2030" Plan,the Opinions of The State Council on the Implementation of the Healthy China Action Plan,and the Plan for the Organization,Implementation and Evaluation of the Healthy China Action Plan.The public’s interest in and demand for public health is increasing rapidly.As a necessary place for urban residents to carry out a series of activities such as production and life,leisure and entertainment,and transportation,the built environment has a long-term and lasting impact on residents’ physical and mental health.Urban communities are the Spaces where residents live for the longest time and have the most profound impact on physical and mental health.The quality of the built environment largely determines the degree of physical activity,exposure to pollution and access to healthy food.Under the background of China’s urban development has entered the stock era and urban renewal is widely carried out,how to optimize and transform the built environment of communities to promote public health and meet the needs of residents for a better living environment has become an important issue to be urgently solved by the government and academia.Articles on the carding the related research at home and abroad system,on the basis of the first comprehensive Lanzhou urban development background and geographic environment characteristics,the important influence to the public health community elements in built environment as land use,service facilities,convenience and environmental quality in four aspects,considering the availability of data,Hereby establish contain diversity,density,road network connectivity and facilities the nine criteria such as accessibility,and mixed degree of land use function,plot ratio,food and environmental,alpha and connected beta index,the pavement network ring connected risk grade,greening configuration,and neighborhood physical environment degree of disorder of 27 indicators built environment evaluation index system of the community.Secondly,San’mao Community,a typical unit system community in Lanzhou,is selected as the research object.Data are collected through field survey,questionnaire issuance,resident interview and data mapping,and the built environment of San’mao Community is evaluated and analyzed by using the established evaluation index system.It is found that there are many problems in San’mao Community: Lack of land type,lack of facilities to reduce pollution exposure risk,single function of service facilities,low health of food environment,few combination of travel modes,poor accessibility of living circle,low richness of landscape types,and high occupancy rate of public space.Finally,the causes of the above problems are summarized into four aspects: objective restrictions on public activity space,imbalance in the proportion of service facilities land type,inefficient barrier of pollution exposure risk and difficult access to healthy food.Based on public health orientation,The optimization strategy of built environment of San’mao community is put forward from adjusting land use,optimizing transportation system,improving environmental quality and perfecting service facilities.In theory,this study aims to establish a system of elements that affect the built environment of communities under the guidance of public health,and establish a scientific,effective and adaptable built environment evaluation system of urban communities.In practice,it is expected to provide reliable countermeasures and innovative ideas for the optimization and improvement of the built environment of San’mao community,as well as the construction of healthy communities and healthy cities in Lanzhou,and provide reference cases for the optimization of the built environment of public health-oriented communities under the background of urban renewal.