Environmental Education Approach,Visitor Characteristics And Environmental Education Perception In National Parks

Today’s ecological background and the practice of environmental protection at home and abroad have put forward higher requirements for environmental education,and national parks are a type of protected area with diversified values.As a national strategy,they occupy a primary position in maintaining key areas of national ecological security.National parks take ecological protection and sustainable development as the basic concept,and undertake the functions of leisure and recreation and environmental education.How environmental education for tourists can achieve the desired effect needs to be confirmed by researching the perception of tourists.Based on literature research and field research,this study draws on Lasswell’s educational communication theory(5W)to clarify all aspects of national park environmental education,and extract the influencing factors affecting the effect of national park environmental education.The Knowledge-Attitude-Practice theory clarifies the key dimensions of evaluating the effect of environmental education.Drawing on the theory of Stimulus-Organism-Response,a research model was designed that took the content of environmental education and environmental education in national parks as stimulus(S),tourists’ tourism motivation and environmental concern as individual characteristics(O),and environmental education effect as response(R).In this study,visitors who have visited the national park in the past five years were the survey subjects and collected raw data through online and offline questionnaires.Then,with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software,the demographic characteristics of the sample were descriptively analyzed and the scale reliability was analyzed.Validity analysis of the scale with IBM SPSS Amos 26 Graphics software;The data that passed the test is further calibrated with the help of the fs QCA software.Based on the calibration data,whether the eight antecedent conditions of environmental education content perception,nature education,facility education,media education,personnel education,ecotourism motivation,other tourism motivation,and environmental concern were necessary conditions for producing good environmental education effects.and whether the different combinations between them are sufficient conditions for producing good environmental education effects.The different combinations between them are sufficient conditions for producing good environmental education effects.The results show that: Firstly,there are seven configuration paths that can form a good environmental education effect of national parks,and the core conditions such as "strong ecotourism motivation","strong environmental care","strong environmental education content perception","non-strong other tourism motivation" and "strong nature education" can be precipitated among these seven configuration paths.Secondly,strong ecotourism motivation is of great significance to the formation of good environmental education effect,and the good environmental education effect is mainly manifested in tourists with high environmental literacy,and the corresponding configuration can be summarized as "tourist internal drive" path.Thirdly,the influence of strong tourists’ environmental education content perception on the effect of good environmental education is second only to strong ecotourism motivation,and the impact of strong environmental education content perception and strong nature education on the target effect has a complementary relationship to a certain extent,and the corresponding configuration can be summarized as "content-oriented" path.Fourthly,non-strong tourism motivation is the only "non" condition that affects the effect of environmental education,and tourists who meet this condition generally have strong ecotourism motivation and environmental concern at the same time,and prefer to use environmental education facilities in tours.At the same time,under this configuration condition,even if the tourists’ perception of the content of environmental education is weak,they can achieve the target effect through good facility education and personnel education,so the corresponding configuration is summarized as a "facility education" path.Fifthly,The preferred mission methods of different tourists during the tour are single and unified,and no mission method can only determine the environmental education effect of national parks,but compared with media education and personnel education,nature mission and facility education are more favored by tourists.According to the research results,this thesis believes that giving full play to the environmental education function of national parks is an unavoidable problem in the management of national parks.National park managers should carry out environmental education in accordance with the "five permanent" attitude of "always new content,regular activities,frequent visitors,constant reflection,and permanent education".Specifically,first,national park managers should organize independent environmental education departments to scientifically plan and manage environmental education projects and provide rich environmental education opportunities for the public.Second,national park managers should build a professional talent team for environmental education,promote the implementation of environmental education projects,and ensure the scientific design and effective dissemination of environmental education content.Third,in order to meet the needs of different types of visitors,national parks should provide a variety of innovative environmental education content,so as to make the stories of national parks as vivid and three-dimensional as possible.Fourth,national park managers should provide the public with diversified environmental education facilities and portable environmental education tools on the premise of ensuring environmental education resources on the principle of conservation and public welfare.Fifth,environmental education in national parks should gradually improve the evaluation system in the process of development and develop healthily in constant thinking and frequent reflection.