Research On The Global Low-carbon Innovation Cooperation Network And Its Formation Mechanism In Manufacturing Industr

As global warming and the energy crisis continue to intensify,governments around the world are beginning to recognize that adopting green and low-carbon development measures is the key to achieving sustainable development.As the major source of carbon emissions and the driving force of economic growth,the manufacturing industry has become the key target industry for low-carbon development in all countries.The low-carbon transformation of the manufacturing industry cannot be separated from the support of low-carbon technology innovation,and low-carbon innovation,as a long-cycle,high-complexity and high-risk new technology research and development activity,requires more global strength and resources.The globalization network of innovation provides an international exchange and cooperation platform for innovation,helps innovation resources to achieve global allocation,and enables global low-carbon technology R&D cooperation to flourish.The global innovation network and international cooperation on low-carbon innovation have jointly nurtured the global low-carbon innovation network,which has become an important cooperation channel for manufacturing industries in various countries to realize low-carbon innovation.The study of the development process and formation mechanism of global low-carbon innovation cooperation network in manufacturing industry has important theoretical significance and practical value for further promoting international cooperation on low-carbon innovation in manufacturing industry and for countries to work together to address climate change.This paper gathers low-carbon innovation cooperation in manufacturing industry from a global perspective,and constructs a global low-carbon innovation cooperation network in manufacturing industry based on the low-carbon patent data jointly applied by manufacturing industry worldwide from 2005 to 2020 in incopat database.By introducing social network analysis and complex network methods,the topology of the global low-carbon innovation cooperation network is carved with the help of UCINET and other software,and descriptive analysis of the overall network clustering coefficient,average path length,network centrality potential,etc.,as well as individual country centrality,structural holes,and network status is carried out to comprehensively explore the current status and evolutionary characteristics of the global low-carbon innovation cooperation network.Secondly,based on the theoretical hypothesis and effect mechanism analysis,we further explore the formation mechanism and influencing factors of global low-carbon innovation cooperation network,and use R software programming to realize the simultaneous inclusion of network endogenous factors and network exogenous factors into the time-exponential random graph model(TERGM)for simulation empirical analysis,and empirically test the effect mechanism of node attribute effect,node relationship effect,network structure effect and network time dependence effect on network formation to reveal the endogenous and exogenous mechanism of network formation and evolution.The main findings of this paper are:(1)the overall evolutionary development of global manufacturing low-carbon innovation cooperation and network is tortuous,and the game between major countries in the field of high technology has led to the degradation and reduction of global low-carbon innovation cooperation.(2)The density of the network decreases somewhat,showing the overall looseness,but the network accessibility and correlation degree are optimized,showing the characteristics of a small world,and the network cooperation is centered on the core countries.(3)The network has been discrete and uneven for many years,with developed countries occupying the core of the network all the time,but in recent years the network status of emerging countries is gradually rising,among which China’s progress is the most obvious and its international status is increasingly prominent.(4)The core countries of the high-centricity-low-limit system play the "priority connection" effect,attracting countries to cooperate with them and promoting network formation.The Matthew effect exists only in the economic strength of countries,which means that the probability of forming cooperative relationships is high when the economic strength is strong,and the network has a significant geographical congruence effect,that is,countries tend to cooperate with geographically close countries,but the economic level congruence is weakening.(5)The network has strong aggregation and transmission closure,and the macro structure of the network favors the formation of a star-shaped "core-edge" configuration and a closed triad configuration,which is conducive to stabilizing past cooperative relationships while achieving spontaneous transmission of relationships and improving the efficiency of network resource transmission.(6)There is a strong time-dependent effect in the network,the network cooperation relationship has both continuity and variability,and the network evolution process is fluctuating,and at the same time,it is also the result of a combination of endogenous and exogenous mechanisms.According to the above findings,this paper puts forward corresponding policy recommendations: First of all,all the countries in the world should abandon stereotypes,adhere to win-win cooperation and work hand in hand,face human development problems together,accelerate low-carbon complex technology research and development and low-carbon transformation of manufacturing industries,and work hard to achieve global carbon peak carbon neutrality;at the same time,increase the quantity and quality of international joint low-carbon patent applications,and actively build a global low-carbon innovation cooperation network with complementary advantages and high-quality development.Secondly,the core countries strengthen the ties with the neighboring countries while maintaining the network status,and pass on to drive the peripheral countries to participate in network cooperation,enhance the network aggregation and cohesion,while expanding the cooperation communication channels through the small world effect,optimizing the cooperation mode to reduce the cooperation gate ore and innovation cost of new countries,and improving the efficiency of network heterogeneous knowledge transfer and resource circulation.Finally,countries should try to maintain the continuity and longevity of cooperative relations,avoid relationship breaks and dynamic changes,reasonably deal with the vulnerability of network relations,and maintain the long-term stable and healthy development of the network.