| Ecosystem services(ES)are the basic elements of human society,and maintaining harmony between ecosystem and human to slow down ecosystem degradation is an important foundation for achieving sustainable development of ecosystem.As a typical mountainous and hilly area in North China,Qianxi County has mining and chestnut economic forestry as its main pillar industries,but due to the irrational use of land resources,the ecological environment is sensitive and fragile,and the quality and capacity of ecosystem services continue to decline,which is detrimental to its own sustainable development as well as that of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region.Therefore,this study takes Qianxi County as the research object,based on the analysis of land use change characteristics,complemented and refined the basic equivalent factors to calculate the static value of ecosystem services of 2000,2010 and 2020 and dynamically reconstructed its spatial distribution to reveal the spatial and temporal response of land use change on the value of ecological services from 2000 to 2020,and used structural equation model to reveal the specific contributions and influence mechanisms of ecological economic factors on the value of ecological services,the main conclusions of the study are as follows:(1)Forest and orchard are the most dominant land types in Qianxi.In the past 20 years,the area of cropland,forest and grassland decreased,the area of watershed and unused land was basically stable,while the area of orchard continued to expand,and the growth rate in 2010-2020 was higher than that in 2000-2010.The comprehensive dynamic attitude in 2000-2010 and2010-2020 was 0.68% and 0.87%,respectively.The conversion of land use types was frequent,and the conversion of forest to orchard and construction land dominated.(2)The total value of ecosystem services in Qianxi showed a decreasing trend,with a total decrease of 290 million yuan in 20 years,and the transfer from forest to construction land was the most important factor leading to this trend.The order of ecosystem service value of each land use type is: forest land > garden land > water area > grassland > cropland > unused land.The order of the value of each individual ecosystem service function is: regulating service > supporting service >supply service > cultural service.Among the regulating services,the hydrological regulating function contributed the most to ESV.(3)Spatially,the high ESV areas mainly concentrated near the watershed,and the low value areas mainly concentrated around the urban and rural construction land and mining land.The spatial richness of each ecosystem service function decreased due to the decline of forest and the expansion of orchard and construction land,resulting in the decrease of the total value of regional ecosystem service function,with the largest decrease of ESV in the northern hilly area.(4)The interaction of each ecological-economic factors led to the regional heterogeneity of ESV.Among them,LULC had a significant direct effect on ESV(0.543),while economic factors had only a negative direct effect on ESV(-0.26),and topographic factors influenced ESV through LULC and meteorological factors(0.259).The study innovatively proposes the ecosystem service equivalence of orchard,and introduced the spatial richness index on the basis of static assessment of ecosystem service value to dynamically reconstruct the spatial distribution of ESV,enrich the map representation of ESs on the same land use type,and quantify the influence path of ecological-economic factors on ESV by constructing a structural equation model.The research results provide an in-depth discussion and portrayal of the spatial and temporal evolution pattern of ESV in the rapidly developing hilly areas,and provide strong support for regional territorial spatial planning,ecological management and restoration strategies. |
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