Spatial Relationship And Dynamic Features Between Ecosystem Service And Residents’ Well-being In Farming-Pastoral Zone

Ecosystem services are a kind of diversified function,service and benefit that people can obtain directly or indirectly from the natural environment,while resident well-being refers to human happiness and satisfaction with various elements(Basic material conditions,health,good social relations,safety,etc),It is an ideal state of life.Ecosystem services can not only improve residents’ well-being,but also improve ecosystem services through feedback mechanisms.To promote their mutually sustainable development.In recent years,as "ecological civilization" has been included in the national "five-in-one" overall layout,and the concept of "Lucian waters and lush mountains are gold and silver mountains" has been put forward,therefore,exploring the relationship between ecosystem services and residents’ well-being has become a research hotspot in today’s academic circles.Agricultural and pastoral ecotone in northern China is an important area of ecological and environmental protection.Its unique economic form,fragile ecological environment and land use structure affected by human activities make it an important barrier to China’s ecological system.The Sanggan River Basin(Shanxi Province)is located in the transition zone between arid and semi-arid climates,and its ecological environment is extremely fragile.It is an important water conservation protection zone and ecological barrier belt for windbreak and sand consolidation in Beijing,Tianjin and Hebei.With the development of social economy and climate change,the ecosystem of the Sanggan River Basin(Shanxi Province)is facing severe challenges.In view of this,this paper takes the Sanggan River Basin(Shanxi Province),a typical area of the farming-pastoral ecotone,as the research area,to clarify the spatial correlation between ecosystem services and residents’ well-being in the farming-pastoral ecotone basin,which can provide the decision-making basis for ecosystem management in this area to serve the sustainable development of social economy.In this paper,land use change data and socio-economic data in the Sanggan River Basin(Shanxi Province)in 2010,2015 and 2020 were selected.Based on the revised ecosystem service value equivalent factor method,the ecosystem service value of the Sanggan River Basin(Shanxi Province)was estimated.The entropy weight method was used to evaluate the well-being of residents in the study area.Based on cluster analysis and natural discontinuities classification method,the spatial relationships between ecosystem services and residents’ well-being in 14 counties(districts)of the Sanggan River Basin(Shanxi Province),a typical area of the agro-pastoral ecotone,and their correlation characteristics in 2010,2015 and 2020 were discussed.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)From 2010 to 2020,the per capita ecosystem service value and residents’ well-being in the Sanggan River Basin(Shanxi Province)showed an overall upward trend,while the residents’ well-being in some areas showed a downward trend.The per capita ecosystem service value in the study area showed a low spatial distribution pattern in the central and southwest regions,especially in Pinglu District,Shanyin County,Tianzhen County,Yanggao County,Guangling County and other counties.The high value areas of residents’ well-being are distributed in the southwest to northeast direction along the main road of Sanggan River.Shanyin County,Ying County,Yanggao County and Datong County are higher,followed by Shuocheng District and Huairen County,and the rest areas are lower.(2)The spatial correlation patterns of ecosystem services and residents’ well-being in the study area were: high service and high welfare,high service and low welfare,high service and medium welfare,low service and high welfare,low service and low welfare,medium service and high welfare,medium service and medium welfare.From 2010 to 2020,the spatial correlation patterns of ecosystem services and residents’ well-being in the Sanggan River Basin(Shanxi Province)were mainly distributed in the southwest to northeast direction.(3)There was an obvious spatial differentiation between ecosystem services and residents’ well-being in the Sanggan River Basin(Shanxi Province)from 2010 to 2020,and the change of ecosystem service value was related to the implementation of ecological restoration projects,environmental pollution,ecological destruction,and overexploitation of resources in the basin.The change of residents’ welfare is related to the adjustment of regional economic structure.The Sanggan River Basin(Shanxi Province)should actively promote the transformation and development of resourcebased economy and strengthen territorial ecological protection and restoration to improve regional ecosystem services and residents’ welfare.