| With the rapid population growth,the unreasonable use of natural resources by humans and the vulnerability of the ecosystem itself,the ecological environment in the Karst mountainous area has been severely damaged,and various ecological service functions have been affected,ultimately affecting human production and life.Therefore,based on the importance of ecosystem services and the particularity of karst mountains,this study selected Guangnan County,a typical karst mountainous region in southeastern Yunnan,as the study area,using the Invest model,CASA model,and RUSLE model to analyze2000,2010,and 2018 The six ecosystem service functions of food supply,water production,soil conservation,carbon sequestration,habitat support,and culture in the Karst mountain area are studied.The characteristics of the spatial and temporal changes of the ecosystem service in the Karst mountain area and the human driving force are studied.Provide data support and theoretical support for ecological restoration in karst ecological fragile areas.The main research conclusions are as follows:(1)In terms of time,from 2000 to 2018,the annual average food supply and cultural service value of Guangnan County have been increasing year by year.Among them,the average annual increase in food supply is 1.59 t / hm2 and the average annual increase in cultural value is 4.61 yuan / cell;the average annual water production,soil retention and carbon sequestration value show a trend of decreasing first and then increasing.Among them,the average annual increase in water production is 17.03 mm,the average annual increase in soil retention is 129.67 t / hm2,and the average annual decrease in the value of carbon sequestration is 84.33 yuan · ha-1 · a-1;the annual average habitat quality shows a decreasing trend year by year,and the average annual decrease 0.07.(2)Spatially,from 2000 to 2018,the food supply volume of Guangnan County showed a tendency to increase more in the central,central,southern,and southeastern regions,while the western and eastern regions decreased more;water production showed an increase in the northern,central,and central and southern regions.There is more in the southeast,and the amount of soil retention and water production show a roughlyopposite trend;the amount of carbon sequestration value and habitat quality shows a greater increase in the east,and the trend in the northwest decreases more;the value of cultural services shows a spatial trend There is a tendency to increase more in the central region and decrease more in the western and northwestern regions.(3)From 2000 to 2018,the overall Moran’s I index of each ecosystem service in Guangnan County was: carbon sequestration service> food supply service> soil conservation service> water production service> cultural service> habitat support service.The clustering types and spatial differentiation characteristics of each ecosystem service are mainly distributed in the "insignificant" area and the "low-low" value area clusters,and the spatial distribution is mainly in the west,south and southeast of Guangnan County.(4)The population of farmers aged 45-60 years in Guangnan County in 2018 is the main labor force,and the education level is low.The source of family income mainly depends on working outside,mainly ethnic minorities such as the Zhuang,Miao and Yi.From 2000 to 2018,the behavior attitudes and willingness of farmers in Guangnan County had a certain impact on ecosystem services: the amount and willingness of farmers to use pesticides and fertilizers,and the number of new farmers using pesticides and fertilizers increased,which had a positive impact on food supply services Negative impact on habitat quality.The farmers’ attitude towards the benefits of implementing ecological engineering policies is affirmative,and the project of returning farmland to forests is to a certain extent conducive to the increase of soil conservation,cultural value and habitat support services.The slope-to-ladder project is beneficial to soil conservation and food supply services to a certain extent.To a certain extent,water conservancy projects are conducive to increasing water storage.Most farmers are willing to increase their participation in ecological projects.Farmers’ behaviors such as the random disposal of garbage,the random splashing of sewage,and the burning of crop straws affect the appearance of the village and are not conducive to the increase in habitat quality.To a certain extent,the transformation of farmers’ energy sources isconducive to the increase in habitat quality,soil and water conservation,and carbon sequestration services.(5)In the three phases of Guangnan County from 2000 to 2018,2010 to 2018 and 2000 to 2010,the driving factors affect the characteristics of various ecosystem services: the intensity of impact on food supply services is as follows: chemical fertilizer application amount change> pesticide application amount Change> Will to implement chemical fertilizers> Change to the implementation of slope-to-ladder projects> Change in the proportion of primary industry> Will to implement pesticides.Among them,the change of fertilizer application amount has the most significant impact;the magnitude of the impact on the water yield service is: water conservancy project implementation change>willingness to implement slope conversion to forest project> change in slope conversion to forest project> slope improvement project implementation change> water conservancy project implementation willingness.Among them,the impact of changes in the implementation of water conservancy projects is the most significant;the magnitude of the impact on the soil conservation service is the human disturbance index change>the change in the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forest> the willingness to implement the project of slope conversion to forest> the willingness to implement the project of returning farmland to forest> the project of slope conversion Changes in implementation;the magnitude of the impact on carbon sequestration services is the degree of anthropogenic disturbance index change> the change in the implementation of the project of returning farmland to forest> the willingness to implement the project of returning farmland to forest> changes in the density of agricultural population;the magnitude of the impact on the habitat support service is the index of human disturbance Change> Pesticide implementation willingness> Pesticide application amount change> Returning farmland to forest project implementation change> Agricultural population density change> Returning farmland to forest project implementation willingness.Among them,the human disturbance index changes are the most significant influencing factors for soil conservation services,carbon sequestrationservices and habitat support services,respectively;the magnitude of the impact on cultural value services,the proportion of tertiary industry changes> aesthetic value> the implementation of the conversion of farmland to forest projects.Among them,the change of the proportion of the tertiary industry has the most significant impact. |
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