Construction Of Security Pattern Of Changde Cultural Heritage Based On Security Evaluation

Cultural heritage is a non-renewable and irreplaceable treasure formed by the Chinese nation over the past five thousand years.With the rapid development of our social economy,the problem of cultural heritage protection is increasingly attracting people’s attention.Taking Changde City of Hunan Province as the research area and cultural heritage as the research object,this paper uses ArcGIS10.5 spatial analysis,statistical analysis and geographical detector methods to discuss the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and influencing factors of the cultural heritage in Changde City,carries out the cultural heritage security evaluation,and builds the security pattern of the cultural heritage in Changde City.And put forward the cultural heritage protection and utilization strategy.The main research results are as follows:(1)From the perspective of spatial distribution of cultural heritage:through spatial analysis tools such as nearest neighbor index and kernel density analysis,it can be concluded that the cultural heritage of Changde City is clustered,and forms polar-core contiguous areas,high-density contiguous areas and point-like high-density areas with unbalanced distribution;From the perspective of spatial and temporal distribution of cultural heritages in different periods,the spatial analysis tools such as standard deviation ellipse and mean center method show that cultural heritages in different periods are clustered,and the cultural heritages are concentrated in Lixian County,Linli County and Shimen County.In addition,the distribution direction gradually developed from east and north to west and south in different periods,and the distribution center of gravity showed the evolution law of northwest--northeast--southwest--northwest;From the perspective of influencing factors of temporal and spatial distribution of cultural heritage:Through ArcGIS spatial analysis tool and geographical detector,it is concluded that among the factors affecting the spatial and temporal distribution of Changde’s cultural heritage,the elevation and slope direction of the physical geographical environment have a significant impact on the distribution of cultural heritage,and the distance from the road in the human geographical environment has the greatest impact on the distribution of intangible cultural heritage.The influence of historical and cultural factors on cultural heritage is mainly reflected in the quantity and type of cultural heritage.(2)Through the summary analysis of the threat factors of cultural heritage,the threat factors are mainly man-made and natural factors,and the influence of human factors is far greater than that of natural factors.In addition,the accelerated process of urbanization and the rapid development of commercialization are the main threats to cultural heritage,and the lack of protection and management measures,systems and plans are the most important threats;Based on PSR model,18 evaluation factors were selected to evaluate the safety of Changde’s cultural heritage,and the index weights were obtained by analytic hierarchy process and Delphi method.Among them,the influencing factor response>state>pressure.Among the evaluation factors,the urbanization process has a greater impact on the security of cultural heritage,and the preservation of ancient buildings and facilities,as well as the protection of sites and relics can well reflect the security situation of cultural heritage.In addition,public awareness of protection,media publicity and other responses can improve the security of cultural heritage;Based on the construction of cultural heritage safety evaluation index system,the safety level of Changde cultural heritage is divided,and the safety coefficient of Changde cultural heritage is 3.248,showing a general safety state.(3)Through the identification of cultural heritage sources,1,017 cultural heritage items at national,provincial,city and county levels shall be identified as cultural heritage sources;ArcGIS spatial analysis tool was used,based on MCR minimum cumulative resistance model,etc.,resistance factors were selected for factor resistance plane and comprehensive resistance plane analysis,and then the suitability of cultural heritage corridors and cultural heritage corridors were analyzed,and corridors were classified to form a corridor spatial structure of "two horizontal and one vertical" in general;On the basis of the construction of cultural heritage source and corridor,the security pattern of cultural heritage is divided,and the security pattern of Changde cultural heritage is constructed,forming the protection structure of cultural heritage security pattern of "three districts,three corridors and multiple points".The protection and utilization strategies of cultural heritage are proposed from three aspects:the protection of cultural heritage source,the linear protection of cultural heritage and the protection of cultural heritage region.