Research On The Effectiveness Of Emergency Signs In University Teaching Buildings Based On Visual Characteristics

As the main place of teaching in colleges and universities,teaching buildings are crowded with personnel and many equipments,so the safety of teaching buildings becomes the focus of social research.As an important way to guide evacuation,emergency sign is particularly important in the special scene of teaching building.This paper takes the emergency signs in the teaching buildings of colleges and universities as the research object and studies the influencing factors of their effectiveness with the help of eye movement experiments.First,based on the theory of visual cognition and field survey,the influencing factors of the effectiveness of emergency signs were obtained.A questionnaire survey was constructed to analyze and summarize the influencing factors of the effectiveness of emergency signs,and 18 influencing indicators were preliminatively obtained.Based on the principal component analysis method,five secondary indexes were obtained,the effectiveness index system of emergency identification of university teaching buildings was constructed,and the weight of each index was determined by factor analysis method.The results show that the top five comprehensive weights in the constructed effectiveness index system are: danger perception,visual efficacy,setting position,sign content and sign color.Secondly,based on the constructed effectiveness index system,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the effectiveness of emergency signs in a teaching building of a university in Harbin.The comprehensive score is61.938∈(60,80),and the evaluation grade is good.Therefore,there is still room for further optimization of the emergency sign in the teaching building of this university.Tobii Glasses2 eye tracker was used to carry out eye movement experiments on three influential factors with large weights,namely setting position,sign color and sign content.Two real scenes in the corridor and stairwell of the teaching building of the university were taken as the research objects to carry out three groups of eye movement experiments on setting position,sign color and sign content factors in different scenes.And the visual hotspot map analysis of eye movement results was carried out.Finally,the data of eye movement experiment were analyzed.The results of location-factor eye movement experiment show that the middle and lower position of emergency sign is the most effective in aisle scene.In a stairwell scenario,the emergency identifier should be set in the center,which is the most effective.The results of eye movement experiment of color factor showed that the combination of black and green color for emergency signs had greater visual significance.The content factor eye movement experiment results show that the indicators of first fixation time and first fixation duration of runner form are smaller than those of text form sign,so runner form sign is easier to be recognized by the audience.According to the problems in the results of experiment and questionnaire,this paper puts forward some suggestions to optimize the effectiveness of emergency signs in college teaching buildings,and provides reference for the establishment of emergency signs in colleges and universities.