Ecological Restoration Zoning Of Resource-based Cities Based On Ecosystem Services

After long-term coal resource mining in resource-based cities,the unbalanced and uncoordinated contradiction between resource development and ecological protection in coal mining areas is prominent.In the context of ecological civilization construction,clarifying the spatial heterogeneity of ecological restoration needs and rationally arranging ecological restoration work is prioritized.The order has become essential for efficient and coordinated ecological protection and restoration,which will help to do overall planning,coordination,and orderly manner to promote the high-quality,sustainable development of resource-based cities.From the comprehensive perspective of the coordinated development of ecosystems and human well-being,this paper selected Jiawang District in Xuzhou City as a research area.Historical remote sensing images in 2000,2010,2016,and 2019 are used as data sources.Historical mine information and socioeconomic statistics are also used.The equivalence assignment method calculates the regional ecosystem service value and makes coefficient corrections.The landscape ecological risk assessment system is constructed by integrating the terrain location index,the mining area disturbance index,and the landscape vulnerability index.The correlation coefficient and the Sharpe ratio were introduced to explore the spatial heterogeneity of ecological restoration needs.Finally,the Gaussian mixture model was used to divide the ecological restoration area in the later stage of urbanization development.The thesis draws the following conclusions:(1)From 2000 to 2019,the total value of ecosystem services in the Jiawang District first increases and then decreases,and the value of the ecological risk index first decreases and then increases.The growth rate is relatively gentle,and both show a small scope.The space is between ecological service value and ecological risk level.The distributions show a trend of overall contiguousness,with local circles moving outward.Urbanization and coal mining subsidence management are the main influencing factors of spatial pattern differentiation.The ecosystem service value per unit area and the ecological risk index have a solid negative hierarchical correlation.At the spatial level,the global Moran’s I index of the ecosystem service value per unit area and the ecological risk index in the Jiawang District from 2000 to 2019 are negative.There is a negative spatial correlation,and ecological risks and ecosystem services have prominent dislocation characteristics.(2)Relevant indicators,such as equilibrium index,concentration degree,and R index,were selected.The Sharpe ratio was introduced to obtain the spatial distribution of ecological restoration degree of four stages in the study area with different deviation degrees.The heterogeneity index R-value of ecological restoration demand in the Jiawang District shows a gradient spatial variation trend,and the overall ecological restoration demand decreases.However,the R index is still too high or low in some regions.With the increase in the degree of deviation,the areas with high ecological restoration demand gradually narrow and transform into the regions with low ecological restoration demand.The areas requiring key ecological construction tend to be more centralized.The results can reference systematic and holistic ecological restoration decision-making in resource-exhausted cities.(3)Gaussian clustering based on Markov chain simulation results shows a similar distribution pattern as R index guidance.The ecological conservation area and ecological transition area mainly include the northern mountain,forest,and Pan’an Lake ecological area.The improved areas are distributed in large towns in the east and south of the Jiawang District.In contrast,the land-use types covered by the comprehensive administration area are mainly cultivated land and construction land.Systematic restoration should be carried out depending on the ecological effects of northern mountains,water(such as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal and the Bulao River),mines(such as the historic subsidence areas named the Pan’an Lake wetland),forests,and crop fields.Priority should be given to restoring regions with low ecological quality of national space.