| The ecological red line is bottom line of national and regional ecological security,which delimit boundaries from key ecological function areas,eco-environmental sensitive areas,and fragile ecotypes.It could provide a wide range of important ecological service function:conserving water resource,cleaning air,preventing soil losses,conserving biodiversity,windbreak and sandfixation,carbon fixation&releasing oxygen,and controlling flood.Ecological red line area is delimited by ecological red line with great significance that maintaining ecological security pattern,protecting ecosystem function,supporting economic and social sustainable development.Suzhou City is one of the earliest cities to delimit ecological red line.Wuzhong district Suzhou City delimited 10 types of 19 ecological red line areas according to The ecological red line area protection planning of Wuzhong district Suzhou City in 2014.There is no successful domestic or foreign experience for us to effectively protect ecological red line area,and it is still at the exploration stage.This paper chose the important ecological red line areas located in land as study area,which superimposed by the ecological red line and the township border.The main research period is between July to August in 2000-2015,when the vegetation grow best.This paper used four indicators correlating with eco-environmental quality to build the EQI(comprehensive Ecoenvironmental Quality Indexes)model by SPCA(Space Primary Component Analysis):NPP(Net Primary Productivity)estimated by CASA model,LST(Land Surface Temperature retrieval)calculated by Radiation Transfer Equation,Bareness Fraction by MNDWI(Modified Normalized Difference Water Index),Vegetation Fraction by NDVI(Normalized Difference Vegetation Index),and divide the eco-environmental quality into five level(Ⅰ-Ⅴ).Then,I calculated the five indexes’slope by linear regression model as well as F significant test.This paper evaluated ecoenvironment quality of the ecological red line areas at altitudinal gradient,slope gradient,different slope directions and interannual variation with Et and △ Ef.After that,this paper estimated the important ecological service function in three aspects:carbon fixation&releasing oxygen function by photosynthesis equation,water conservation function by water balance method,and soil conservation function by RUSLE(the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation).This paper finally researched the eco-compensation current situation,problems and countermeasures of ecological red line areas.According to the results,this paper analyzed the current research deficiency and put forward the developing direction and suggestions.After three years of research,the main research progress is as follows:1.The eco-environment quality classification results of the important ecological red line areas at Wuzhong district Suzhou City.During the period 2000-2015,the eco-environment quality of Luzhi Scenic Area presented rapidly worse variation trend(Ⅱ-Ⅲ-Ⅳ-Ⅴ),Mudu Scenic Area presented slowly worse variation trend between Ⅱ and Ⅲ.Moreover,the Ef of other ecological red line areas reduced first then increased during the period 2000-2003,2003-2008,2008-2011,2011-2014 and total reduced during 2014-2015.The eco-environment quality of ecological red line areas have 6 for level I,9 for level Ⅱ.1 for level Ⅳ and 1 for level Ⅴ.The Ef of Dongwu "National Forest Park(Xiangshan Sub-District)is 0.864±0.005,and Luzhi Scenic Area is 0.358±0.002.2.The eco-environment quality variation of the important ecological red line areas at Wuzhong district Suzhou City.During the period 2000-2015,the △ Ef has little changed between-0.08 and 0.06.There is 43%area of important ecological red line area with △Ef<0,57%area with △Ef>0.The eco-environment quality overall presented slowly better variation trend.The △Ef increasing area mainly distributed in middle western part of Xishan Scenic Area,middle eastern part of Dongshan Scenic Area,middle part of Mudu Scenic Area,most part of Zangshu Ecological Welfare Forest,most part of Dongwu National Forest Park and most part of Mount Yuyang Ecological Welfare Forest.The △Ef reducing area mainly distributed in Luzhi Scenic Area,road and fishpond of Xishan Scenic Area,the western bank of Dongshan Scenic Area,western and eastern part of Mudu Scenic Area,most part of Shihu Scenic Area and other sporadic area.According to the Ef and △Ef variation at altitudinal gradient and slope gradient,the lower human reachability exist the better eco-environment quality are,and the worse eco-environment quality area usually distributed in road and residential area on the contrary.The Ef and △Ef variation at altitudinal gradient and slope gradient:the Ef increasing overall along with altitudinal gradient rising,and then reducing from altitude of 200m to 275m.The closer to the southern and eastern slope,the larger Ef is,and the Ef is the largest at eastern slope.The closer to the northern and western slope,the smaller Ef is,and the Ef is the least at western slope.The △Ef increasing overall along with altitudinal gradient rising,and then reducing from altitude of 100m.The △Ef rangeability is larger at northern slope than southern slope.3.The ecological service function estimation results of the important ecological red line areas at Wuzhong district Suzhou City.During the period 2000-2015,the monthly average amount of fixed carbon dioxide and released oxygen is 39761.03±5817.71t/mon,and unit amount of fixed carbon dioxide and released oxygen is 2073.21±293.45kg/hm2/mon.Of the unit amount of fixed carbon dioxide and released oxygen of all important ecological red line areas,Luzhi Scenic Area is the least about 929.45±313.85 kg/hm2/mon and other areas are no different between 1500 and 2400 kg/hm2/mon.The annual average amount of water conservation is 7997.66±369.96*104m3/a.and of the unit amount of water conservation of all important ecological red line areas,Dongwu National Forest Park is the largest about 6357.78±355.68 m3/hm2/a,Luzhi Scenic Area is the least about 1703.32±402.42m3/hm2/a and other areas are no different between 3000 and 4500 m/hm2/a.The annual average amount of soil conservation is 720.61 ± 52.87*104 t/a,and of the unit amount of soil conservation of all important ecological red line areas,Dongwu National Forest Park is the largest about 757.29±61.67t/hm2/a,Luzhi Scenic Area is the least about 5.72±2.50t/hm2/a and other areas are no different between 200 and 650 t/hm2/a.4.The ecological compensation mechanism research results of the important ecological red line areas at Wuzhong district Suzhou City.The ecological compensation disadvantages at Wuzhong district Suzhou City include that low compensation standards,compensation object is not reasonable,compensation mode is simple,less compensation type,compensation region is unscientific delimited,compensation funds transfer system is imperfect.In order to make the ecological compensation mechanism perfect,this paper put forward some main countermeasures:distinguishing subject and object of ecological compensation,actively exploring crossing transfer payment system,broadening the channels of government compensation,and combination marketing compensation with social compensation.The innovations of this study includes:First,there many methods to delimit ecological red line,but eco-environmental quality and ecological service function of ecological red line research has not yet been dynamic evaluation.This paper used multi-source data based on multi-index,multi-space-time to quantificationally estimate eco-environmental quality and ecological service function of ecological red line and used four indicators correlating with eco-environmental quality to build the EQI model by SPCA.Secondly,combining ecological red line with township administrative areas,and according to the practical problems existing in the ecological red line area at the township,this study could offer important statistical supports and scientific evidences to the protection of the ecological red line areas at the township.To sum up,on the basis of delimiting ecological red line and investigation,by modeling EQI with multi-source data and multi-index,this study present a synthetical quantitative research on eco-environment quality and ecological service function of the important ecological red line areas at Wuzhong district Suzhou City.The outputs of this study could offer important statistical supports and scientific evidences to the protection of the ecological red line areas at Wuzhong district Suzhou City and thus contribute new thoughts and solutions for the ecological red line dynamic monitoring and management assessments. |
PDF Full Text Request