Design Of Debris Flow Disaster Monitoring And Early Warning System Based On ESP32

Natural disasters have a tremendous impact on human society.Serious natural disasters will cause significant casualties and property losses.In order to reduce the damage caused by natural disasters to human society,prevention and control measures need to be well done,and early warning is particularly important.Among them,as one of the common natural disasters,the landslide disasters are self-evident,and the terrain in China is complex,with frequent landslide disasters.In order to solve this problem,this paper designs a disaster monitoring and early warning system that can receive debris flow information at any time,so as to achieve the purpose of monitoring and early warning for debris flow disasters over a long distance and in real time.The debris flow disaster monitoring and warning system designed in this paper consists of six modules,which are the main control module,data collection module,data transmission module,power module,cloud server and client.The master module chooses the ESP32 module which has a powerful Free RTOS embedded real-time operating system.The data collection module is composed of VMS-YL-N01-3002-02 ABS rainfall sensor module,PR-300SD-TR-N01 soil moisture sensor module,CASI-MPA-2011 infrasound sensor module,US-100 ultrasonic distance sensor module and SHHT20 temperature and humidity sensor module.ATK-M750 module is selected for data transfer module.The power module uses solar cell components,solar controller and 12 V lithium battery to power the system.Cloud servers choose a powerful One NET platform;The client selected the We Chat applet on the mobile phone terminal.The debris flow disaster monitoring and warning system designed in this paper transmits the data collected by the data collection module to the ESP32 module.After receiving the data,the ESP32 module determines whether the collected rainfall,soil moisture and infrasound exceed the threshold of the corresponding risk level and outputs the risk level.Then,the data collected and the determined risk levels of landslides are transferred to One NET platform through the data transmission module.Finally,the data collected by the data collection module in One NET platform and the risk levels of landslides are obtained and displayed using the We Chat applet program,so as to realize the monitoring and warning of landslides.Taking the mudslide disaster data in Beijing as an example,through the analysis of the mudslide samples in Beijing,the rainfall,soil water content and infrasound signals which have great influence on the mudslide disaster are selected as the main monitoring targets and the corresponding critical values are obtained.Based on the actual needs and according to the critical values of rainfall,soil water content and infrasound when landslides occur,this paper puts forward four warning levels of landslide risk,namely,mild,moderate,high and extreme,and sets different thresholds and conditions for these four risk levels.The system uses crack data collected by US-100 ultrasonic sensor and air temperature and humidity data collected by SHT20 temperature and humidity module to assist the early warning by determining whether the collected rainfall,soil water content and infrasound signals exceed the threshold of corresponding risk level.In order to verify the feasibility of this system,the debris flow disaster monitoring and warning system designed in this paper is tested.The test results show that the system can normally collect rainfall,soil water content,infrasound,cracks and air temperature and humidity data,and can derive the risk level of mudslide based on the rainfall,soil water content and infrasound data,and transmit these data and mudslide risk to mobile phone.The purpose of real-time monitoring and warning of mudslide over a long distance is achieved,and the safety of people’s lives and property is guaranteed.It meets the requirements of monitoring and early warning for debris flow disasters.