Study On The Characteristics Of Granular Mixtures Disaster Chains In The Mountains In Freezing Conditions And The Methods Of Monitoring And Early Warning

With the gradual implementation of the western development policy,the transportation,economic and other aspects of western provinces have developed rapidly.However,the economic improvement in a certain region relies on good traffic conditions.Unfortunately,China is a mountainous country and is one of the countries most affected by the freezing conditions.The building of the roads is inevitable in the western development.Whereas,disasters like collapse,granular mixtures slopes and debris flows along the roads have become the main geological disasters which endanger the traffic,vehicles and pedestrians.The traffic gridlock and casualties caused by geological disasters are numerous.Accordingly,this paper take Tianshan Road(G217)"Dushanzi to Kuqa" and Sino-Pakistan Highway(G314)"Oytag to Bulunkou" as the objects of study.Granular mixtures slopes and debris flows are of great harmfulness in granular mixtures disaster chains in the mountains in freezing conditions.The spatial distribution characteristics,basic development characteristics,and geological environmental conditions of the two geological disasters were found out.Based on the previous research,the monitoring and early warning model of granular mixtures slopes and debris flows was established using the basic principles of mathematics and mechanics.Besides,the 3d laser scanner was used to help scan the typical granular mixtures slopes many times.The research on fragment production rate was done according to the obtained data.The big wilderness debris flow blockage physical test was used to do the research on valleys type debris flow blocking effect.Finally,the research on the methods of monitoring and early warning of granular mixtures slopes and debris flows in the mountains in freezing conditions was done.Here are the results:(1)According to the research on the distribution law of granular mixtures slopes and debris flows,granular mixtures disaster chains mainly distribute on the north of Tianshan Road(especially k610?k655).There are 32 granular mixtures slopes in total with the distribution line density for 0.71/km and affected road for about 9.15km.53 debris flows exist with the distribution line density for 1.18/km and affected road for about 40.7km.There are 35 granular mixtures slopes of Sino-Pakistan Highway(Oytag-Bulunkou)with the distribution line density for 0.50/km.125 debris flows exist.Among them are 11 debris flow gullies which are threatening.(2)According to the research on the formation characteristics,granular mixtures slopes mainly exist in brittle rocks such as granite,diorite,basalt etc.They can also be seen in fractures in rock mass like phyllite and metamorphic sandstone.The main rock mass structures are cataclastic structures and extremely cataclastic structures.Debris flows have large content of clay.They may be caused in the condition of a small amount of melting snow.Typical debris flow blocking phenomenons can also be seen.(3)Polyworks 8.0 and Sufer Demo 11.0 software were used to process the point cloud data obtained by 3D laser scanner from September 2013 to March 2016.Five typical granular mixtures slopes average annual fragment production rate were listed as follows:k618+850:0.0116m3/(a m2)?k624+500:0.0246m3/(a m2)?k639+290:0.0358 m3/(a m2)?k1583+600:0.0138 m3/(a m2)?k1605+200:0.0215 m3/(a m2).(4)The monitoring and early warning model of granular mixtures slopes,T—(???H2+?H+?/?S×D),was founded using fundamentals of calculus and volume equivalent principle.The basic indicators used were listed as follows:the residual storage volume of retaining wall,related retaining wall height and average annual fragment production rate.The monitoring model of debris flows was founded using the fundamentals of calculus and basic principle of mechanics.Basic parameters like pore-water pressure were used.Besides,the model was tested and revised by the big wildness test of the dam break.The model was listed as follows.The two models above were used to monitor the five typical granular mixtures slopes and Tianshan Road K630 debris flows and have achieved great results.(5)A set of methods of monitoring and early warning of the granular mixtures disaster chains in the mountains in freezing conditions were established.The main monitoring equipment used were pore-water pressure sensors,rain gauges,3d laser scanner ect.Beidou satellite launcher was taken as the main mean of data transmission.Geological disaster monitoring and early warning system was used for processing the main data and release the information.