| College campuses are important bird habitats in cities,and conscious habitat creation in campus landscape design is very important to maintain biodiversity.Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University East Lake Campus campus bird diversity was selected for investigation and analysis,the characteristics of habitat units preferred by birds and the evaluation of bird habitat conservation value were studied,and suggestions for campus bird habitat creation and management were proposed,and the specific findings are as follows:(1)By means of the sample line method,a total of 104 avian species,spanning across 14 orders and38 families,were surveyed in the designated study area.The order of finches presented the highest number of species,68.87% of all species records.while the ratio of migratory(54 species)to resident birds(50 species)was found to be equal.Furthermore,the diversity index of the avian population was notably higher during the spring season than in other seasons.(2)The various campus habitat units were systematically classified into four hierarchical levels,resulting in 87 distinct categories.With respect to the general campus habitat,the woodland habitat boasted the highest number of categories,as well as the largest area and number of patches,followed by the artificial surface habitat.With regards to specific habitat unit types,mixed evergreen deciduous forest(A3),multi-layered forest(AXBXCX),slope(T3),deep water(D1),road site(G1)and hard pavement(V2)were unequivocally the most dominant habitat unit types on campus.(3)A total of 32 quaternary habitat units provided preferred habitat microhabitats for 94 bird species and secondary habitat microhabitats for 63 bird species on campus.Within woodland habitats,mixed evergreen-deciduous forest-dwarf trees-barren land-slope(A3B1C3T3)was used significantly more often than other types;within water habitats,deep water(D1)and shallow water(D2)provided the preferred habitat units for most waterbirds,and jerkin-covered areas-semi-natural barges(E1S3)provided the preferred microhabitat for birds in near-water areas;within man-made areas,roads-hard pavement(G1V2)and buildings(F)provided the preferred habitat units for 11 bird species.(4)Bird collisions were recorded at locations with large glass windows or curtain walls,and there was a positive correlation between the area of glass coverage and the frequency of bird collisions.The frequency of bird collisions was not significantly related to the presence or absence of vegetation around the building,and more bird collisions occurred at buildings with little vegetation or grass.(5)The areas with high and average bird habitat conservation value accounted for the majority of the total area of the study area,and the north-to-south streams and ditches along the campus increased the bird habitat value of the flowing areas.This study indicates that bird habitat is closely related to vegetation structure and water type,and that future landscape design and management that is more suitable for animal survival can be used to improve bird biodiversity on campus. |
