Study On Bird Community Characteristics And Habitat Landscape Construction In Urban Parks In Fuzhou

With the acceleration of urbanization,the ecological environment of cities has become fragmented,and the natural green spaces suitable for wild birds to inhabit and survive in urban environments are gradually disappearing.Urban parks have become the last refuge for wild birds.Exploring the landscape patterns and plant community characteristics of bird habitats in cities can provide assistance for the future construction of park landscapes.This study investigates the landscape pattern characteristics of ten urban parks in Fuzhou and the plant community characteristics of three of them,analyzes the relationship between bird communities and landscape patterns and plant communities,explores the key elements of urban parks in realizing the ecological function of urban bird habitats,and proposes urban park construction strategies and plant landscape creation suggestions to provide theoretical basis and practical methods for the construction of urban parks oriented towards increasing bird diversity.The main research conclusions are as follows:1.Avian Community Characteristics A total of 110 species from 41 families of 16 orders were recorded in this study,with a total of 3021 individuals.Among them,the resident birds were dominated by 56 species of resident birds and 37 species of winter migratory birds.The avian community showed a clear Oriental realm characteristic with 52 species of Oriental birds.In terms of ecological groups,the Passeriformes with 73 species were the most dominant.In terms of diet,insectivorous birds with 46 species and omnivorous birds with 43 species were the most common.The white-rumped shama(Pycnonotus sinensis)was the most abundant species with 313 individuals.Among the parks,Minjiang South Park had the richest avian species diversity,with resident birds dominating in all parks,and most of the birds in the parks came from the Oriental realm.Minjiang South Park performed the best in terms of avian diversity and richness,while Guoguang Park had relatively lower avian species diversity.The similarity index of avian communities among parks ranged from 0.3 to 0.5.In different seasons,the winter season had the highest species richness with 85 species and the highest diversity index,while the summer season had the lowest species richness with 55 species and the lowest diversity index.Pingshan Park,Wushan Historical and Cultural District,Jinshan Park,and Minjiang South Park had relatively rich avian species diversity in all seasons.2.The Relationship between Park Landscape Characteristics and Avian Community(1)From the point of view of the characteristics of park landscape elements,the area of woodland and water area in large parks is larger than that in small parks.The analysis of patch type area index and patch proportion index shows that natural resources are more abundant in large parks,and small parks are more focused on providing convenient leisure facilities and artificial landscape.The analysis of the proportion index of the largest patch to landscape area shows that the dominant landscape of most parks is woodland.(2)From the landscape pattern of the park,the South Park has a high degree of fragmentation.In the Landscape Diversity Index,the South Park and South Park of Min River Park showed higher landscape diversity.In the aspect of landscape evenness index,the average value of small parks is higher than that of large parks,which may indicate that small parks pay more attention to the balanced distribution of landscape types under the condition of limited space.(3)Bird diversity in large parks is positively affected by woodland area,proportion of woodland area and water area,but negatively affected by landscape fragmentation.In small parks,woodland shape index significantly affects bird diversity,and bird richness is positively correlated with woodland area.The impact of Park area on bird diversity and richness was not significant.Therefore,woodland resources in the park on bird diversity and richness of the impact is more obvious.Among the major parks,Min River Park South received the highest overall score while Karasuyama Park had the lowest overall score,while the Hot Spring Park had the highest overall score among the small parks,guoguang Park had the lowest combined score.3.The Relationship between Plant Community Characteristics and Avian Community(1)A total of 200 species from 152 genera of 64 families of garden plants were recorded.Monocotyledons dominated with118 species,and Fabaceae and Asparagaceae were the most diverse families in the plant community.There were 85 species from 63 genera of30 families of trees,with Fabaceae and Arecaceae being the most diverse genera and Fabaceae having the most species.There were 72 species from 60 genera of 36 families of shrubs,with Oleaceae,Rubiaceae,and Rosaceae having the most species.There were 43 species from 36 genera of 20 families of herbaceous plants,with Asparagaceae and Asteraceae having a high proportion of genera and species.Minjiang South Park had118 plant species,while Xihu Park and Wenshan Park had 102 and 84 plant species,respectively.A total of 38 bird food tree species and 27 bird nesting tree species were investigated.(2)Both plant community richness and tree layer richness had significant positive effects on bird richness,while shrub layer richness had no significant effect on bird diversity.In terms of plant evenness,tree layer evenness had a significant positive effect on bird diversity,while the correlation between shrub layer evenness and bird evenness was significant,but the association between herb layer evenness and bird diversity was not clear.In terms of plant diversity,only tree layer diversity had a significant impact on bird richness,while other diversity indices had no significant effect on bird diversity.This indicates that tree layer diversity plays a key role in promoting bird diversity.4.Bird habitat landscape construction(1)Based on the research results,propose construction strategies for the landscape pattern of bird habitats in Fuzhou urban parks,and propose design strategies for the landscape construction of bird habitats in both large and small types of parks.By adjusting the landscape type,area,and structure,reducing landscape fragmentation,improving landscape diversity,and optimizing vegetation structure,measures are taken to create a good ecological environment for birds.(2)Propose overall strategies for habitat plant landscape design and provide reference suggestions for planting tree species.In terms of plant species selection,plant species planting suggestions are recommended for two different landscapes of forest land and water area.Local tree species suitable for planting in Fuzhou are selected from food source tree species and nesting tree species.plant community configuration is recommended according to the above plant species selection,food source tree species and nesting tree species strategy.