| The booming urbanization has damaged the natural habitat and led to a loss of biodiversity. Shanghai is one of the most crowed city, the biodiversity has been seriously affected. Therefore how to improve the level of urban wildlife diversity in development has become an urgent problem to be solved. This study is dedicated to understand the structure of urban bird community in different urban area and the landscape factors influence bird community through analysis of the urban bird community and the relationship between bird community and the landscape factors, with a purpose of render wildlife production advice for Shanghai city’s plan.From May 2014 to June 2015, we choose urban area that let six large park area as the center and set 5×5 km2 of the sample region. We did bird survey both inside and outside of the 6 city parks in Shanghai on workdays. The time is 6:00-10:00 Am and 15:00-18:00 Pm, we use line transects method to survey the bird community and recorded the bird species and abundance which we saw and heared at both side of the transects lines. And we used ArcGIS 10.0 to classify the habitats in the six study areas. Finally we got the landscape factors with software Fragstats3.3.In this study, we totally registered 9592 bird individual counts,85 species fro m 12 orders and 36 families in six study area; Inside the parks we recorded 4883 bird individual counts,78 species from 12 orders and 35 families and 4709 bird individual counts,56 species from 10 orders and 28 families recorded in urban a rea. There was significant difference among bird richness(χ2=22.3944, P<0.001). bi rd abundance(χ2=2096.556, P<0.001), bird common index (t=9.0804, P<0.001) in 6 sample plots. There was significant difference among bird abundance (χ2=227.8 806, P<0.01). bird common index (t=11.3561,P<0.001) in 6 parks, and no sig nificant difference among bird richness (χ2=11.0176,P=0.05103) in 6 parks. The re was significant difference among bird richness (χ2=41.6316, P<0.001), bird ab undance (χ2=993.9344, P<0.001), bird common index (t=5.756, P=0.002) in ur ban area.Analysis result of relationship between bird community and landscape factors:(1) The relationship between bird community in park and landscape factors:Bird rich ness had negative significant correlation with Area of concrete patches in urban(r=-0.919, P=0.01), but positive significant correlation with Area-Weighted Mean Shap e Index in urban(r=-0.822, P=0.045). Bird abundance had positive significant corre lation with Area of parks(r=0.873, P=0.023)、Area of plant in parks(r=0.845, P= 0.034), Area of road in parks(r=0.897, P=0.015). Area of water in parks(r=0.930, P=0.007) and Number of patchs in parks(r=0.967, P=0.002). Bird common index had positive significant correlation with Area of concrete patches in urban(r=0.94 7, P=0.004) and Area-Weighted Mean Shape Index in urban(r=0.859,P=0.028). (2) The relationship between bird community in urban area and landscape factors:Bi rd richness positive significant correlation with Area of parks(r=0.897, P=0.015) a nd Area of water in parks(r=0.899, P=0.015),but had negative significant correlati on with Area of concrete patches in urban(r=-0.877,P=0.022). Bird abundance ha d positive significant correlation with Area of parks(r=0.864, P=0.027) and Area o f water in parks(r=0.844, P=0.035), but had negative significant correlation with A rea of concrete patches in urban(r=-0.878, P=0.021) and Area-Weighted Mean Sha pe Index in urban(r=-0.828, P=0.042). Bird common index had positive significant correlation with Area of concrete patches in urban(r=0.986, P<0.001). (3) Linear regression model between bird community in urban area and landscape factors bot h of urban area and parks:bird richness had positive significant correlation with t he size of patches in parks. Area of farm in samples and diversity of habitat pate hes in samples, but had negative significant correlation with habitat fragmentation in samples. Bird abundance had positive significant correlation with the size of pa tches in parks, Area of farm in samples and diversity of habitat patches, but had negative significant correlation with diversity of habitat patches in parks.Research analysis shows that there was a significant difference between the community structure of birds inside and outside the park, we found bird live in urban area mostly is advantage bird species, and rare bird species mainly live in the parks, urban public greenwood has become the important habitat to the urban bird community, highlighting the urban green space played an important role in protection for birds in the city, so create a good habitat structure will affect the level of bird diversity in Shanghai urban parks and surrounding urban area. |
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