Study On Flora Of Synpetalous Weeds In Urban And Rural Areas Of Northern Xinjiang

Northern Xinjiang is rich in tourism resources,agriculture and animal husbandry is relatively developed,natural landscape,human geography,oasis irrigation agriculture and other unique characteristics.In recent years,with the acceleration of economic construction and urbanization in northern Xinjiang,frequent international and inter-provincial trade,the continuous expansion of human activities and the continuous development of reclamation areas,weed management in this area is becoming more and more difficult.The current situation is that the local traditional weeds(farmland weeds)can not be fully identified and managed in time,and the indigenous plants living in the desert steppe also appear frequently in the artificial environment.At the same time,many exotic weeds continue to be introduced and spread rapidly.From the summer of 2019 to the autumn of 2022,with the help of the national fund project,our team conducted a systematic and comprehensive field investigation,specimen collection and picture shooting of synpetalous weeds in urban and rural areas of northern Xinjiang.combined with the relevant specimens collected in the specimen museum over the years,we comprehensively sorted out the species and specific geographical distribution of synpetalous weeds in urban and rural areas of northern Xinjiang.The floristic composition and the characteristics of species diversity were analyzed,and in the form of physical specimens and color pictures,it provided a new theoretical basis and important reference materials for the botanical study of weeds in Xinjiang.it provides a scientific basis and useful service for the identification and control of weeds such as agriculture and animal husbandry,forestry and grass industry,customs plant entry-exit inspection and quarantine,environmental protection and ecological security construction in northern Xinjiang.The results show that:1.There are 17 families,107 genera and 251 species of synpetalous weeds in urban and rural areas of northern Xinjiang.1 Chinese newly record Acanthocephalus amplexifolius Kar.et Kir.,1 species and 1variety of newly recorded plants in Xinjiang were found,which are Galinsoga parviflora Cav.,Eclipta prostrata(L.).L.(Compositae)and Solanum nigrum L.var.atriplicifolium(Desp.)G.Mey.(Solanaceae)2.In the generic quantitative structure,there are three dominant families in the weed flora of urban and rural synpetalous flowers in northern Xinjiang,which are 48 genus of Compositae(44.86% of the total genera),17 genus of Labiatae(15.90%)and 14 genus of Arnebiaceae(13.09%).This flora contains the largest number of families,including 8 families,8 genera,6 families and 21 genera,accounting for 82.35% of the total families and 26.17% of the total genera.In the species-level quantitative structure,the large families(more than 50 species)of weeds in northern Xinjiang are 130 species of Compositae(51.79% of the total species).The larger families(20-49 species)have 2 families(11.76%)and 53 species(21.12%).There are 2families(11.76%),24 species(9.56%)and 7 families(41.18%),41 species(15.54%)in oligofamilies(2-9species).There are 5 families(29.41%)and 5 species(1.99%)in single family,and the plant species richness is mainly concentrated in large family and larger genera.3.According to the species-level quantitative structure of subordinate species,the differentiation degree of weed genera of synpetalous flowers in this area is relatively high,and single-species and few-species genera contain 69.32% of weed species.Artemisia Artemisia(15 species),dandelion Taraxacum(10 species)and Lappula(13 species)account for 2.81% and 15.14% of the total genera and species respectively;there are 7 genera and 40 species,accounting for 6.54% and 15.54% of the total genera and species,respectively;and 36 genera and 112 species,accounting for 34.58% and 45.42% of the total genera and species,respectively.60 genera and 60 species of single species,accounting for 56.07% and 23.90% of the total genera and species,respectively.4.Life form:There are four types of floristic ecotypes,mainly 130 species of perennial herbs 51.80% and 97 species of 1-2 years herbs(39.44%),accounting for 91.24% of the total species.There are 11 species of semi-shrubs(4.38%)and 11 species of parasitic plants(4.38%).5.Ecotype:There are three types of ecotypes in this area,mainly mesophytic type,182 species(72.51%),41 species of wet type(16.33%),and 28 species of xerophyte(11.16%).6.There are 11 distribution types and 8 forms in the flora,The type of distribution is complex.In addition to the 15 genera distributed in the world,there are mainly 29 genera(31.52%)of the temperate distribution and its forms in the old world and 25 genera(27.18%)in the north temperate zone,accounting for 58.7% of the total genera.The distribution and forms from the Mediterranean,West Asia to Central Asia and their forms are 13 genera(14.13%),endemic to Central Asia and 9 genera(10.86%).There are 3 genera(3.26%)in East Asia and North America,only 1 genus in temperate Asia and 1 genus in China-Japan.7.Characteristics of weed types:There are 109 common weeds(43.43%),101 rare weeds(40.24%),41 occasional weeds(16.33%),132 native traditional weeds(52.59%),102 native passive weeds(41.43%),12 exotic invasive weeds(4.78%)and 3 exotic escaping weeds(1.20%).8.There are 13 species of quarantine weeds(5.18%),12 species of alien invasive weeds(4.78%),36 species of malignant weeds(14.34%),111 species of moderately harmful weeds(44.22%),77 species of lightly harmful weeds(30.68%)and 27 species of harmless weeds(10.76%).