| North Xinjiang is located in the hinterland of the Eurasian continent,belonging to a temperate continental arid and semi-arid climate.It has typical characteristics of oasis irrigation agriculture and mountain animal husbandry.Not only is the natural vegetation unique,but the weeds in urban and agricultural areas are also unique.Urban and rural areas in northern Xinjiang are the main areas for agricultural and animal husbandry production and people’s living.With the development of the economy,the flow of people and goods between northern Xinjiang and domestic and foreign countries has become more frequent,and more and more weeds have been brought into it.At the same time,urban construction and agricultural cultivation have forced many indigenous plants to become weeds.With the continuous accumulation of such problems,the composition and flora of weeds in the northern Xinjiang region have become more complex,and weed control has become more difficult.Basic research on weeds in this area has become more urgent.Our research team conducted on-site investigations on weeds in urban and rural areas from May to October 2019 to 2022 in various states in northern Xinjiang and divisions of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,in different seasons and batches.The survey covers 9 regions,51 counties and cities in northern Xinjiang,as well as 110 agricultural and pastoral farms and 11 border ports in 9 divisions of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps.Through comprehensive and systematic field investigations,taking photos,collecting specimens,classifying and identifying weeds,clarifying the types and specific geographical distribution of weeds in northern Xinjiang,analyzing their floristic composition and geographical components,providing new theoretical basis and reference materials for the basic botany research of weeds in northern Xinjiang in the form of physical specimens,specimen databases,color photo collections,papers,and other forms,and also for the identification,monitoring,prevention,and removal of weeds in agriculture,forestry,and animal husbandry,It provides scientific basis and beneficial and effective technical support for customs plant entry and exit inspection and quarantine,regional ecological security and environmental protection,etc.This article mainly studies the species,geographical distribution,faunal composition,and geographical composition of detached flower weeds in urban and rural areas of northern Xinjiang.The results show that:1.There are 26 families,114 genera,266 species,12 varieties,and 2 subspecies of detached flower weeds in urban and rural areas of northern Xinjiang.2.Characteristics of family and genus composition:1)Family composition: In terms of the quantitative structure of the family at the genus level,there were 11 monotypic families(including only 1 genus)in the detached flowering weeds in northern Xinjiang,accounting for 42.31% of the total family number,9.65% of the total genus number and 8.33% of the total species number.There are 9 families and 27 genera in oligofamily(including 2-5 genera),accounting for34.61%,23.68% and 26.14% of the total families,genera and species,respectively.There were 3 families and 23 genera in the middle family(including 6-10 genera),accounting for 11.54%,20.18% and 10.98% of the total families,genera and species in the region,respectively.There are 53 genera in 3 families(including more than 10 genera),accounting for 11.54%,46.49% and 54.55% of the total families,genera and species in this area,respectively.It can be seen that there are only six families in the middle and multigeneric families,but they account for 66.67 per cent of the total genera and form the bulk of the generic quantitative structure in the region,They are Caryophyllaceae(12 species in 9 genera),Papaveraceae(8 species in 6 genera),Umbelliferae(9 species in 8 genera),Cruciferae1(42 species in 25genera),Chenopodiaceae(62 species in 13 genera),and Leguminosae(1 41 species in 5 genera).In terms of the species,there were 8 families(8 species)of individual flowering weeds in northern Xinjiang,accounting for 30.77% of the total family number and 3.01% of the total species number.There were 11 families(61 species)in oligospeciaceae(2-9 species),accounting for 42.30% and 22.93% of the total number of families and species,respectively.There were 4 families(52 species)in the middle family(10-20 species),and the proportion of total family and total species were 15.38% and 19.55%,respectively.There were 3 families(145 species)of different families(more than 20 species),accounting for 11.45% and54.51% of the total number of families and species,respectively.Therefore,it can be seen that many families composed of chenopodium(62 species),legumes(41 species)and cruciferae(42 species)are dominant at the species level,and constitute the main body of the diversity of schizoptera weed species in this region.Based on the characteristics of the genera and species composition of various families,it can be found that the Chenopodiaceae(13 genera and 62 species),Cruciferae(25 genera and 42 species),and Leguminosae(15 genera and 41 species)are all superior in terms of genera and species composition compared to other families,making them the dominant families in the study area for the composition of detached flower weeds.2)Characteristics of genus composition:In terms of the quantitative structure of the subordinate species,the single genus was the most abundant among the four categories,containing 64 genera,accounting for 56.14% of the total number of genera in this area,but the number of weed species contained in this category was relatively low,only accounting for 24.06%(64 species)of the total number of species in this area.There were 40 oligotypic genera(2-5 species),accounting for 35.09% of the total number of genera in this region,which was the second largest category at the genus level,and the one with the largest number of species among the four categories,accounting for 40.98%(109 species)of the total number of species in this region.There were 6genera in the middle genus(6-10 species),accounting for 5.26% of the total genera,and a total of 44 species,accounting for 16.54% of the total species.There were only 4 large genera(more than 10 species),with the lowest proportion of 3.51% at the genus level,but the proportion of 18.42% at the species level,containing 49 species.It can be seen that the diversity and richness of the detached flower weed genera in the study area were very high,with a total of 114 genera,and 104 monotypic and oligotypic genera,which constituted the main part(91.23%),and accounted for 65.04% at the species level.It was considered that the monotypic and oligotypic weed genera were the main components of the detached flower weed flora in the study area.The dominant genera were Polygonum(12 species),Chenopodium(11 species),Argyra(12species),and Caryophyllum(14 species).3.Life pattern characteristics: 266 species of detached flowering weeds were divided into 4 types,among which 160 species of one or two year herbs were found,accounting for 60.15% of the total species.There were 94 perennial herbs,accounting for 35.34% of the total species.There were 9 subshrubs,accounting for 3.38% of the total species.There were only 3 species of woody lianas,accounting for 1.13%of the total species.One-or biennial herbs and perennial herbs accounted for 95.49% of the main life types in the detached flower weeds in this study area.4.The ecotypes of 266 isolated flowering weeds were divided into four main types: xerophytic,mesophytic,hygroscopic and halophytic.There were 40 species of wet weeds,accounting for 15.04% of the total species.There were 17 xerophytic weeds and 3 halophytic weeds,accounting for 7.52% of the total species.There were 206 species of intermediate weeds,accounting for 77.44% of the total species.Mesophytic weeds were dominant among the detached flowering weeds in the study area.5.Floristic characteristics: There are 114 genera in northern Xinjiang,with 9 distribution types and 13 variations.It can be seen that the geographical distribution is very complex.Among them,24 genera were worldwide distributed.In addition,the distribution and variation of these weeds in the north temperate zone were relatively high.The distribution of temperate zones in the Old World;Distribution and variation in Mediterranean region,West Asia to Central Asia.The above three distribution types accounted for 80% of the total number of other genera,and constituted the main geographical distribution of detached flowering weeds in urban and rural areas of northern Xinjiang.In addition,there were 53 genera with temperate distribution properties,and 9 genera with tropical and pantropical distribution properties,indicating that the temperate distribution was dominant in the geographical components of detached flower weeds in the study area,but tropical and pantropical distribution weeds also infiltrated.In addition,there are only 2 genera and3 species with unique distribution in East Asia,accounting for a relatively small number.6.According to the different occurrence frequency and population size of each isolated flower weed during field investigation,266 weeds were divided into wide-spread weeds(common weeds)and narrow-spread weeds(62 species and 204 species,respectively).Nine new plant species recorded in Xinjiang were found in this region.They were Amaranthus blitoides S.Watson,Amaranthus powellii S.Watson,Amaranthus hybridus L.,Amaranthus viridis L.,Amaranthus retroflexus var.delilei(Richter&Loret)Thell.,Acalypha australis L.,Orychophragmus violaceus(L.)O.E.Schulz,Ammannia coccinea Rottboll,Erysimum amurense Kitagawa and three new recorded genera from Xinjiang: Ammannia,Acalypha,Orychophragmus. |
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