| The 20 th National Congress of the Communist Party of China’s report highlights the need for green development and harmonious coexistence between man and nature.To achieve this,it is imperative to implement integrated protection and systematic management of mountains,rivers,forests,fields,lakes,grass,and sand.This includes accelerating major ecological system protection and restoration projects to improve the diversity and stability of ecosystems.One such issue is karst desertification(KD),an extreme ecological degradation phenomenon prevalent in karst areas of southern China.This has been a challenging and crucial research topic for a long time,considering its impact on the interweaving of social economy and ecological environment.As one of the important projects for ecosystem protection and restoration in KD areas in southern China,agroforestry(AF)not only effectively restrains ecological degradation and promotes local economic development,but also brings new challenges such as unbalanced ecosystem quality and lagging service supply capacity.In response to these problems,optimizing the AF landscape pattern for KD control is an important means to ensure the quality balance of the agroforestry system(AFS),improve the supply capacity of ecosystem services,and consolidate the effectiveness of KD control.Empowering green development is of great significance.Karst desertification(KD)is a severe environmental degradation phenomenon that has become a significant issue in southern China’s karst areas,affecting both the socio-economic and ecological environment.Agroforestry(AF)has been identified as an effective means of combating this ecological degradation while promoting economic development.While AF has successfully slowed down ecological degradation,it has also resulted in new problems,such as an imbalanced ecological system and a lagging service supply capacity of the ecosystem.Thus,it is essential to evaluate the ecological system quality of AF in treating KD,study the mechanism of improving the service supply capacity of the AF ecological system,and explore the optimization path of landscape patterns.This research is of great significance in promoting the coordinated and sustainable development of ecological restoration and socio-economic development in KD areas.Based on the methods of landscape gardening,ecology and AF science,combined with theories of coordinated human-land development and sustainable development,the scientific problems and technical needs are addressed,such as insufficient research on landscape pattern characteristics of AF in special habitats of KD,unclear key driving factors of ecosystem quality fluctuations,and unclear quality improvement mechanisms.In the mountainous Guizhou plateau region,which represents the overall structure of the southern karst ecological environment,the research area comprises Bijie Salaxi,Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang,and Shibing karst.A total of 27 AF plots were screened,and data on soil,vegetation,and landscape patterns were collected and analyzed.Using quality assessment models and correlation analysis and other research methods,combining landscape pattern characteristics-ecosystem quality-benefit coupling mechanism-landscape optimization design to promote the systematic research of deployment integration and theme modularization.The aim of this study is to identify the key factors influencing the quality of agroforestry systems(AFS),uncover the mechanisms behind quality improvement,and propose pathways and landscape pattern optimization plans for enhancing AFS quality.By doing so,we hope to provide valuable scientific insights to support the sustainable service of AFS in KD areas.(1)The significant differences in the comprehensive index values of AF landscape pattern in different KD areas are clarified,and the spatial aggregation characteristics of the comprehensive index levels of AF landscape pattern are revealed: the scores of the AF landscape pattern comprehensive index in different KD areas Located in the interval of517.742～882.049,the overall situation is Shibing karst none-potential KD(882.049)>Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang medium-intensive KD(747.671)>Bijie Salaxi potential-mild KD(517.742).Combining index classification and spatial autocorrelation analysis,it is found that the comprehensive index of AF landscape pattern in Huajiang moderate-intensity KD area has the strongest aggregation(0.032),and the comprehensive index of AF landscape pattern in Salaxi potential-slight KD area is concentrated the weakest(-0.023).However,under different levels of KD in local space,the comprehensive index of AF landscape pattern is dominated by positively correlated H-H and L-L spatial agglomeration characteristics,which is conducive to exploring the common characteristics between AF landscape pattern and ecosystem quality.(2)Clarified the status quo of the quality of the AFS and divided the quality grades,and found that the quality presents certain aggregation characteristics on the spatial scale: the quality of Shibing karst none-potential KD area was mainly grade 3,and the area accounted for29.44%;Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang medium-intensity KD area is dominated by grade 4,with an area of 40.25%;the potential-light KD area of Bijie Salaxi is mainly grade 3 and 4,with an area Accounted for30.09% and 30.32% respectively.Analyzing the AFS mass agglomeration by Moran’s I value found that Shibing karst has no-potential KD(0.680)>Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang medium-intensity KD(0.614)>Bijie Salaxi in the global space Creek potential-mild KD(0.609),which characterizes the quality characteristics of AFS,has obvious spatial aggregation and positive correlation in different KD areas.Combined with local autocorrelation analysis,it was found that the spatial agglomeration characteristics of AFS quality were also dominated by H-H and L-L.Measuring the quality of AFS requires simultaneous attention to overall and local habitat characteristics,realizing the synergy of multi-source data,improving the accuracy of ecosystem quality assessment in highly heterogeneous environments,and providing a basis for exploring the coupling mechanism between landscape patterns and ecosystem quality in AF.(3)A certain spatial positive correlation between AFS quality and landscape pattern was found,and the key factors and mechanisms of action affecting AFS quality were revealed: Through bivariate autocorrelation analysis,it was found that the comprehensive index of AF landscape pattern and the Moran index of ecosystem quality in different KD areas were both > 0,specifically showing that the Bijie Salaxi potential-mild KD area(0.289)> Shibing karst none-potential KD area(0.286)>Guanling-Zhenfeng Huajiang medium-intensity KD area(0.281),and local analysis shows that there is an obvious spatial positive correlation between AF landscape pattern and ecosystem quality in KD area.Combined with the spatial error model,the regression analysis of various indicators of landscape pattern and ecosystem quality shows that LPI is the key to the improvement of AFS quality in moderate-intensity KD areas,and LSI is no-potential and potential-light KD.It is the key to improve the quality of AFS in the culturalized area,but there are differences in the direction of action.The mechanism relationship between AF landscape pattern and ecosystem quality and the similarities and differences under different backgrounds of KD are proposed,which breaks through the key problem of how to improve the quality of AFS in KD areas,and provides a basis for improving the quality of AFS.Provide a scientific basis for the optimal design of the landscape pattern.Translated with www.Deep L.com/Translator(free version)(4)The differences in the role of landscape patterns of AF in different KD areas on ecosystem quality were revealed,and the optimized design of landscape patterns with the goal of improving the quality of AFS was proposed: AF ecology in medium-intensity KD areas The landscape pattern optimization design for system quality improvement mainly divides the suitability of the largest connected patch,and improves the quality by reducing the ratio of the largest connected patch of AF to the area of the entire AF,and every time the LPI index decreases by 1%,the quality of the entire AFS will increase by 34.9769.The primary goal of the landscape pattern optimization design for improving the quality of AFS in non-potential KD areas is to reduce the negatively correlated LSI,that is,when the LSI index decreases by 1%,the quality of the entire AFS will increase by 18.9347,Specific pathways are organized through the irregular boundaries of the AF landscape patches.Potential-mild KD areas,LSI,which is also a key influencing factor,has a positive correlation with the quality of AFS,and whenever the LSI index increases by 1%,the quality of the entire AFS will increase by15.6243,mainly through increasing the quality of AF The boundary surface between the edge of the patch and other landscape types promotes the interaction between different landscape types.In addition,the optimization design of landscape pattern needs to be based on the current distribution of AF industry,combined with on-site habitat and surrounding land use types to formulate measures according to local conditions and circumstances,so as to further improve the quality of AFS,thereby promoting the service supply capacity of AFS.Contribute to consolidating the effectiveness of KD control and improving people’s livelihood and well-being. |
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