| In 2007,the State Council approved The outline plan for comprehensive control of rocky desertification in karst areas.Since 2008,the national development and Reform Commission has organized and carried out pilot projects for comprehensive control of rocky desertification in 100 counties in Southwest China.Since then,large-scale rocky desertification control projects have been carried out in Karst Rocky desertification areas in Southwest China.Since the implementation of the special rocky desertification control project,remarkable achievements have been made in the ecological restoration of karst mountainous areas in Southwest China.As one of the control measures of rocky desertification,the forest industry has effectively supported the local rural economic development,but there are still some problems such as extensive planting and unreasonable layout of the existing ecological derived industries.Due to the unreasonable layout of the forestry industry,the economic forest industry in rocky desertification areas has not fully played its ecological and economic benefits.Based on this,this paper selects Zanthoxylum bungeanum industry in Guanling area of Guizhou Province as a case study on the basis of the latest achievements in landscape architecture,landscape ecology and rocky desertification control.Based on the theory of landscape pattern,using Arc GIS method,this paper studies the comprehensive management of industrial landscape in high heterogeneous space(karst rocky desertification area)from the perspective of diversity index and patch index,and explores the optimal solution of landscape planning under different climate and site conditions,so as to optimize the ecological and economic benefits of landscape patches in the point line area structure.It takes Zanthoxylum bungeanum industry in Guanling Buyi and Miao Autonomous County of Guizhou Province as an example to conduct this study.Based on the analysis of the suitability layout characteristics of rocky desertification control and ecological derived industry,of the suitability spatial layout of Zanthoxylum bungeanum industry in Guanling County from the aspects of the suitable growth conditions and landscape pattern factors,and then carrying out the landscape optimization design of Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting patches distributed in Bashan Village of Guanling.The main research content of this paper consists of the following steps:firstly,according to the special environmental characteristics of karst rocky areas in southern China,the typical research area of Guanling County and the specific industry of Zanthoxylum bungeanum were selected,and the data of meteorological stations and land use status in Guanling County from 2019 to 2020 were collected.Based on DEM data,the terrain database of altitude,slope,aspect and so on in Guanling County was constructed.Five factors including altitude,slope,aspect,precipitation and temperature were selected to construct the growth suitability index of Zanthoxylum bungeanum.AHP,Kriging interpolation and GIS overlay analysis were used to obtain the suitability grade distribution map of Zanthoxylum bungeanum under the influence of single index.Through weighted sum model evaluation,the Suitability Regionalization thematic Map of Zanthoxylum bungeanum in Guanling County was made.Secondly,the landscape pattern characteristics of Guanling County are clarified by using the landscape pattern index analysis method,and the suitable layout strategy of Zanthoxylum bungeanum industry in Guanling County is put forward,which provides constructive suggestions for the development of industrial mode in karst mountain area,and shapes the life scene of resonance between farmers'livelihood activities and ecological restoration in karst mountain area.Finally,using the professional knowledge of landscape architecture,combined with the design principles of landscape elements,Bashan village,Huajiang Town,located in the south of Guanling County,is selected to carry out the typical landscape design of pepper Forest Demonstration Area at the micro scale.On the basis of the above research content,the following research results are obtained.1.Through weight assignment,Kriging interpolation and reclassification of natural index factors affecting the growth of Zanthoxylum bungeanum,the area of Zanthoxylum bungeanum planted in three suitability levels of very suitable,more suitable and general suitable was counted.The results show that the suitable area and proportion of single index for Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting are as follows:the total area of altitude index for Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting is1214.747km~2,accounting for 82.8%of the total area of Guanling County;the total area of slope index for Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting is1179.149km~2,accounting for 80.4%of the total area of Guanling County;the total area of slope index for Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting is1309.1km~2,accounting for 89.3%of the total area of Guanling County.The total area of suitable annual precipitation index of Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting is 1365.375 km~2,accounting for 93.2%of the total area of Guanling County;the total area of suitable annual temperature index of Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting is 1466.68 km~2,basically covering the whole Guanling County.Through GIS weighted sum and evaluation model,after synthesizing the above indicators,the total area of Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting suitability in Guanling County is1002.257km~2,accounting for 68.34%of the total area of Guanling County.2.Based on the land use classification data of Guanling County,the patch characteristics and landscape connectivity spatial characteristics of landscape pattern in Guanling County were analyzed.The results show that:the overall landscape pattern characteristics of Guanling County are as follows:Eastern cultivated-land-forest-scenic area,western grassland-shrub-scenic area,southern grassland-forest-scenic area,northern forest-scenic area and central forest-scenic area.The landscape types of shrubbery in Guanling County are more fragmented and less connected.The layout adjustment of Zanthoxylum bungeanum industry in Guanling County needs to consider from the perspective of farmers'livelihood improvement,ecological reconstruction and landscape remodeling,follow the design principles of integrity,protection,diversity and regionality,add Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting patches in shrub patch types,and use Zanthoxylum bungeanum corridor to strengthen the stability of each patch boundary space,so as to achieve the effect of ecological replantation.3.On the patch scale,the patch pattern characteristics of Zanthoxylum bungeanum forest in Bashan village,Huajiang Town,which is located in the south of Guanling and is suitable for planting Zanthoxylum bungeanum,are analyzed.Based on the suitable landscape pattern,site conditions and climate conditions,the design rules of landscape elements are combined,and the design principles of integrity,protection,diversity and regionality are followed,According to the spatial characteristics of the site,the suitability level of Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting is classified,that is,Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting area(more suitable),simulated natural flora area(generally suitable)and functional landscape construction area(not suitable).According to the different functional requirements of landscape,ecology and science popularization,each classification level is divided in detail.For example,Zanthoxylum bungeanum planting is divided into intensive planting demonstration area,special Zanthoxylum bungeanum sightseeing area,scenic area and scenic area Planting and breeding symbiosis demonstration area and green model research demonstration area.Through appropriate planning methods to create a beautiful agricultural landscape,the main fragmented areas and low utilization areas of ecological restoration,improve farmers'awareness of ecological protection,and play an exemplary role in the planning of other pepper forest patches,so as to shape the scene of farmers'livelihood improvement and ecological restoration resonance in Karst Mountain Areas. |
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