Research On Frugivore-Plant Feeding Network Structure Based On Camera Trap In Jiyuan Taihang Mountain

In this study,we deployed 112 camera traps in Taihang Mountain Macaque National Nature Reserve of Henan Jiyuan from July 2021 to May 2022,the frugivores of 69 nut and berry plants in 12 species were investigated,of which 63 cameras photographed frugivores feeding on the ground and 49 cameras photographed frugivores in the forest canopy.The composition and structural characteristics of the fruiting animal and plant feeding network provide reference materials for the forest ecosystem and biodiversity conservation of the Taihang Mountains in Henan Jiyuan.The main results are as follows:1.There are obvious differences in the diversity of birds and animals in the distribution of forest layers: 112 cameras have a total of 11,594 camera days,and a total of5,556 independent and effective photos have been taken,and a total of 58 species of birds and animals have been photographed,including 7 orders,17 families and 34 birds.There are 24 species of mammals in 6 orders,13 families,1 species of forest musk deer(Moschus berezovskii)which is the first-level protected animal of China,and 9 species which is the second-level protected animal of China.In terms of vertical distribution,31 species of birds and 24 species of mammals were photographed on the ground,while 21 species of birds and 10 species of mammals were photographed in the forest canopy,of which 27 species of birds and beasts are only distributed on the ground,and 3 species are only distributed in The forest canopy,and 28 species of birds and animals are distributed on the ground and the forest canopy at the same time.This shows that there is a large difference between the species of birds and animals on the ground and the canopy,and the number of species photographed on the ground is significantly higher than that photographed on the canopy(t=6.83,df=110,p<0.05).2.The Jiyuan Taihang Mountains are rich in species of frugivorous animals.Animals made different behavioral choices according to their own conditions and environments: 8orders,16 families and 27 species of frugivorous birds and beasts were photographed,including 4 orders,9 families and 16 species of birds.There are 4 orders,7 families and 11 species of mammals,accounting for 47.06% and 45.83% of the total number of birds and mammals respectively.In terms of behavior,there was no significant difference between the daily activity rhythm curves of rhesus monkeys and Beishe rats on the ground and the forest canopy(p>0.05),but there was a significant difference between the daily activity rhythm curves of magpies on the ground and the forest canopy(p<0.05).There were significant differences in the proportion of some behaviors of frugivores between forest layers(p<0.05).3.The feeding network between frugivores and plants is a diffuse asymmetric mutual interaction network: 27 species of frugivores recorded 411 feeding behaviors in 12 kinds of fruit plants,and there are 83 kinds of frugivores and plants that eat fruits relationship,the number of frugivore species in the ground feeding network(23 species),the species of plants being eaten(12 species),the number of connections(63),the scale of the network(276),and the degree of interaction uniformity(0.52)were higher than the canopy feeding network.Through the feeding behavior of frugivores and plants to form a reciprocal network,there is a significant difference in the feeding frequency of different plants(t=2.833,p<0.05).Carrying the fruit of a plant,the Beishe mouse is a predator of the fruit of the plant,and is also a disseminator and disperser of the fruit of the plant.In summary,camera traps can be effectively used in the monitoring of forest canopy biodiversity.There are certain differences in the diversity of birds,animals and frugivores between the ground and the forest canopy.Animals can flexibly adjust their distribution patterns and activities according to their own characteristics and environmental pressures.Rhythm,behavioral choice.The interaction network between frugivores and plant fruits is a diffuse and asymmetric reciprocal interaction network,and some frugivores have dual identities as fruit predators and seed dispersers.