Research On Dry-Hot And Dry-Cold Climate Adaptation Mapping And Characteristics Of Traditional Dwellings Based On "Prototype"

Traditional dwelling is an architectural type that has gradually developed and evolved in the process of "trial and error and evolution" for a long time.It is an economic,applicable and beautiful residential building built by ancestors under limited natural resource conditions and material conditions,using simple construction technology and combining regional climate characteristics and cultural customs.The inherent climate adaptability of traditional houses is the essence and the most valuable part in the design of new residential buildings in the new era,so that it can achieve the design goals in preserving regional characteristics and green,low-carbon and environmental protection.Based on the prototype theory and the building climate adaptability research method,this paper constructs the analysis framework of the traditional dwellings climate adaptability research based on the "prototype".Taking the dry-hot and dry-old climate regions in China as an example,this study quantitatively analyzes the climate characteristics of the dry-hot and dry-cold climate regions,completes the extraction of architectural form characteristics of several traditional dwellings types,and constructs a dry-hot and dry-cold climate adaptation mapping of traditional dwellings covering the multi-level contents of architectural design principles-architectural design strategies-architectural form characteristics to adapt to the dry-hot and dry-cold climate;By extracting the building design parameters that affect the climate adaptability of typical building form characteristics from building examples,the building performance indexes representing the climate adaptability of buildings in terms of building space and building entities are constructed through computer simulation and mathematical statistical analysis,and the analysis of the climate adaptation characteristics of traditional dwellings is completed.Through the research of this paper,the following main results have been achieved:(1)This paper introduces the prototype theory into the research on the climate adaptability of traditional dwellings,and gives an analysis framework of the climate adaptability of traditional dwellings based on the "prototype",which includes the potential architectural experience accumulated with history and the original and universal architectural form formed by traditional dwellings to adapt to the regional climate conditions.The climate adaptive architectural experience includes the climate adaptive architectural design principles and architectural design strategies at the macro level,as well as the architectural design parameters that affect the climate adaptability of buildings and the building performance indexes that determine the climate adaptability of buildings,as well as the comfort needs of building occupants in the use process,The indoor thermal and humid physical environment is finally formed by adjusting the building design parameters and building performance indexes,that is,the indoor calculation parameters.(2)Taking dry-hot and dry-cold climate as an example,this paper establishes the hierarchical correspondence between the architectural design principles,architectural design strategies and architectural form characteristics to adapt to the dry-hot and drycold climate,constructs the dry-hot and dry-cold climate adaptation mapping of traditional dwellings,and expresses the general architectural experience and architectural form of traditional dwellings to adapt to the dry-hot and dry-cold climate in the form of graphic language,so as to provide general guidance and reference for the design of new dwellings.(3)Taking the example of traditional dwellings as the data source,this paper extracts the architectural design parameters of typical architectural form characteristics that affect the climate adaptability of traditional dwellings,and uses computer simulation and mathematical statistics to construct architectural performance index based on architectural space,architectural entity and other aspects,and completes the analysis of the climate adaptation characteristics of traditional dwellings: Ayiwang space,courtyard space and corridor space is conducive to the building to shield the solar radiation in summer and maximize the use of solar radiation heat gain in winter;The form of Ayiwang space and courtyard space is conducive to the use of natural ventilation to take away the heat of indoor and semi outdoor space in summer nights;In the traditional dwellings in the dry-hot and dry-cold climate areas,the thick raw soil walls and closed peripheral protective structures,combined with the reasonable building space design and organization,and the living and use mode of migration,can achieve a relatively comfortable indoor thermal environment in winter and summer,and only a small amount of energy consumption is required to meet the indoor design temperature required by the traditional dwellings.