Research On Deconstruction Of Traditional Dwellings’ Mild Climate Adaptation Based On "Prototype"

Compared with modern residential buildings,traditional folk houses are organic products that adapt to local natural conditions.Their generation and development are the result of people’s long-term adaptation to the natural environment.China’s mild climate traditional dwellings are rich in forms and are a unique part of the Chinese traditional dwellings system.The temperate climate region is located in the transition zone from the Qinghai Tibet Plateau to the hills and mountains of Hunan and Guangxi.Due to the low latitude and high altitude,it has formed the climate characteristics of warm winter and cool summer.The main research contents are summarized as follows:Firstly,through the research of the first part,this paper clarifies the origin and evolution history of the traditional dwellings with mild climate,and classifies the traditional dwellings according to the characteristics of building adaptation to climate.This paper analyzes the influencing factors that determine the form of traditional dwellings in mild climate from the two aspects of non climatic factors and climatic factors,and puts forward the design principles of traditional dwellings in mild climate under the action of multiple factors;Through the secondary study of archaeological documents,the evolution of folk houses from “nest” and “cave” to existing traditional folk houses is clarified;According to the characteristics of adapting to climate,the traditional dwellings with mild climate are divided into three types: open type,closed type and inward type.By comparing the characteristics of traditional residential buildings with the climate adjustment strategy given by climate consultant,the characteristics of building adaptation to climate are obtained.Secondly,through the research of the second part,this paper combs the deconstruction results of the adaptation of traditional folk houses to mild climate.Based on “prototype theory”,“building prototype theory” and “building climate adaptation theory”,this paper puts forward the deconstruction method of building climate adaptation.Using the methods of abstract extraction and mathematical statistics,the architectural form and index system are summarized,and the construction experience of traditional folk houses to adapt to mild climate is obtained.Finally,through the research of the third part,this paper verifies that the traditional dwellings that meet the deconstruction results of adapting to mild climate can create a relatively comfortable indoor thermal environment.The field investigation shows that the air temperature,black ball temperature and average radiation temperature of the room are very similar,basically in line with the temperature range of 22 ℃ ～ 28 ℃ to meet the thermal comfort.Even if measured by modern comfort standards,traditional dwellings that conform to the deconstruction results of inward climate adaptation are generally more comfortable in summer.However,the room on the first floor has no external windows,the relative humidity of the air is 57.1%～75.61%,the average wind speed is 0.02 m/s,the humidity is high and the ventilation is poor.This is the result that the traditional dwellings adopt the principle of “significance selection” and abandon the indoor ventilation demand in summer in order to facilitate defense and heat preservation in winter.New residential buildings should meet the needs of heat preservation in winter and ventilation in summer,and design a reasonable window wall area ratio.