Study On Wind Environment Simulation And Spatial Optimization Of Rural Courtyard In Severe Cold Area

China has a vast territory,and there are significant climate differences between the north and the south.Most of northeast China is located in the cold climate zone in the climate division.The cold winter is long and the cold wind is severe.With the continuous increase of people’s living quality and material demand,it has become an important topic to improve the comfort of winter living in the cold region of northeast China.With the continuous attention paid by China to rural living environment in recent years,it has become an urgent issue to improve the quality of life and comfort of rural areas in northeast cold region.Wind environment is the most direct and significant factor affecting the comfort level of human settlements,and its mechanism is worth studying.Especially the cold wind in winter has great influence on the rural areas in northeast China.Compared with cities,rural areas are not well protected against cold weather.Rural residential environment lacks the shelter of urban high-rise buildings,and its volume and scale are significantly different from urban residential areas,so the study of urban wind environment cannot be directly applied to rural areas.In this paper,the spatial wind environment of the courtyard in the cold region of northeast China is taken as the research focus,and the optimization strategy is discussed through simulation analysis and space test to guide the spatial construction of rural courtyard,so as to improve the ability of rural residents in the cold region to resist the cold wind in winter.The topic of this paper is derived from the sub-topic of "Technological Innovation of Green and Livable Villages and Towns"(2019YFD1100801)of the 13 th Five-Year National Key RESEARCH and Development Plan,and the project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52078094),which mainly focuses on the winter wind environment of rural courtyard space in cold northeast China.Based on the characteristics of winter wind environment in the cold region of northeast China,Yong Sheng Village of Gulong Town was selected as an example to study the common enclosed courtyards of rural settlements in northeast China.The first part is the research on courtyard types and characteristics.Through investigation,interview and graphic analysis,the typical local courtyard types are summarized and extracted.According to the organizational elements of "enclosing" relationship,the courtyard types are divided into north-south courtyard type,east-west courtyard type,west wing courtyard type,east wing courtyard type,double wing courtyard type and front and back yard type.Subsequent courtyard space,the wind environment test and analysis through the field measurements,obtain local typical courtyard wind environment real-time data,and the wind will wind environment data into software environment simulation,verify the veracity and reliability of wind environment software simulation analysis,analysis of the basic conditions of different types of compound wind environment,And the construction elements that local buildings and courtyards may influence the wind environment in the courtyard.Then,based on the control variable method and wind environment simulation software,the influence of the changes of different construction elements and location elements on the wind environment in the courtyard was simulated,and the trend and rules were analyzed according to the obtained wind speed cloud and vector graph.According to the simulation results,the wind environment simulation methods and optimization strategies for different types of courtyards were proposed.Combined with the local development goals and residents’ use needs of Yongsheng Village,the design exploration was carried out by taking the three-courtyard types with better comprehensive wind environment as samples.Finally,the spatial optimization strategy and design method of rural courtyards in cold regions of northeast China were proposed.This paper attempts to simulate the wind environment of rural courtyard space in cold regions by means of "simulation-research-design" linkage,and takes it as an auxiliary means of guiding design,in order to provide a new path for rural construction and renovation,and make contributions to the national rural revitalization and development.