A Study On The Relationship Between Spatial Structure And Bird Diversity In Baishamen Park, Haikou City

In recent years,with the development of social economy and the improvement of people’s living standards,more and more people begin to pursue higher quality living environment.Urban biodiversity is an important part of urban human settlement environment.Birds occupy an important position in urban ecosystem.The living status,population number and community structure of birds have important reference significance to urban ecological diversity.Taking Baishamen Park in Haikou city as an example,focusing on the relationship between the spatial structure of Baishamen Park and bird diversity,the landscape of Baishamen Park is improved and transformed under the existing conditions,and the park space and bird habitat are integrated,in order to achieve a harmonious park ecological environment for people and birds.In this study,the spatial structure of Baishamen Park is divided into two spatial relations:adjacent and separated,and five spatial types:green space,water space,architectural space,square space and traffic space.These five spatial types are decomposed according to the research needs in turn,and finally decomposed into 14 sub-items and 42attributes.These spatial structure data were input into Arc GIS 10.6 software to draw information thematic maps and establish data attribute libraries.Systematic sampling method was adopted for field investigation of bird data,and all bird information was input into Arc GIS 10.6 to draw a thematic map of bird distribution,and an attribute database of bird distribution data was established.Finally,the above data are integrated and analyzed in Arc GIS 10.6 and MAXENT model.The results show that:(1)There are 185 species of vascular plants,including 92 species of trees,50 species of shrubs,38 species of herbaceous plants and 5 species of vines,belonging to 65 families and 150 genera in Baishamen Park.Among them,there are 68 species of bird feeding species,covering an area of 18.77 hm~2,accounting for 44.69%of the total area of Baishamen Park.(2)During the one-year survey from September 2020 to August 2021,87 species of birds belonging to 12 orders and 33 families were investigated in Baishamen Park.There are 53 species of residents,28 species of winter migrants,5 species of passengers,and 1species of vagrant.The Shannon-Wiener index,Pielou index and Simpson index of the whole park were 3.4230,0.7679 and 0.0562.(3)According to the analysis and calculation of Arc GIS 10.6 and MAXENT model,the spatial factors that have the greatest impact on bird diversity are green space,water area,traffic space,square space and architectural space.Among them,green space and water space had positive effects on bird diversity,while traffic space,square space and architectural space had negative effects.The spatial attributes suitable for birds’survival mainly include three community types in green space,i.e.,mixed forest of arbor and shrub,arbor mixed forest and shrub mixed forest;solitary,cluster,group and hedge planting;all green space types;water area with island and natural revetment;the landscape square in the square function.(4)Put forward planning suggestions and strategies for Baishamen Park space to build a harmonious urban park between human and bird.Add the special design of bird habitat and bird-watching activities,select suitable plants and transform individual terrain,and transform Baishamen Park into a modern urban park with harmonious coexistence of adult birds.Taking Baishamen Park as an example,this study quantitatively studied the relationship between park spatial structure and bird diversity for the first time,in order to realize the landscape effect of"changing and varied landscape with different steps"and the ecological environment of"birds’twitter and fragrance of flowers".