Research On The Optimization Of The "guaranteed Supply And Stable Price" Mechanism For Shortage Drugs In Shanghai From The Perspective Of Quasi-public Goods

Since the development of the pharmaceutical market,with the gradual maturity of medical technology,there are more and more types of medicines,and many diseases can be treated in the right way.However,in the current pharmaceutical market,due to factors such as production,distribution,supply,and drug prices,many countries,including China,have experienced shortages of medicines.The shortage of medicines studied in this article refers to medicines that are clinically necessary and cannot be normally supplied within a certain time and within a certain area.Medicines have the characteristics of quasi-public goods and have their particularities.They cannot be regulated or controlled by the market or the government alone.The current market failures and government failures in China's pharmaceutical market have caused shortages of medicines.In recent years,in order to alleviate the shortage of medicines in China,the state has successively issued various implementation opinions on improving the supply guarantee and price management of shortage medicines.Although it has achieved positive results,it still faces problems such as insufficient and timely monitoring of medicine supply and price,and the need to improve policies on medicine procurement,use,storage,and price supervision.In 2019,the General Office of the State Council promulgated the "Opinions on Further Improving the Supply and Price Stabilization of Shortage medicines" to guide the country's efforts to ensure the supply and price stabilization of shortage medicines.This article takes Shanghai as an example.Through literature research,interviews,and data analysis,this article studies the current status of Shanghai 's shortage of medicine supply and price stabilization,and discusses the problems and causes of existing policies and procedures.Since 2014,Shanghai has implemented a network mechanism for the shortage of medicines through the Shanghai Pharmaceutical Purchasing Service and Regulatory Information System.Over the past six years,a stable operating standard has gradually been formed,but the problem of policy implementation is still in place.Relying on medical institutions toprovide information,the shortage of medicines tends to ensure supply,while the lack of supervision and management of price stabilization.With the continuous change of medicine price policies in recent years,the shortage of medicines caused by the constant depression of prices has also increased.Finally,suggestions were made to optimize the mechanism for the price stabilization and supply stabilization of medicines to alleviate the problems caused by medicine shortages.This article is divided into six chapters:The first chapter is the introduction,which mainly introduces the research background,research purpose and significance,domestic and foreign research status,research ideas and methods.The second chapter is the related concepts and theories of the "guarantee supply and stabilize prices" mechanism for shortage medicines.It introduces several types of medicine concepts that are prone to shortages,quasi-public goods theory,market failure and government failure theories,analyze the relationship between the shortage of drugs and these theories,and pave the way for the analysis of shortage medicine policies.The third chapter is an empirical analysis of the mechanism of "guarantee supply and stabilize prices" of Shanghai's shortage of medicines.First of all,sorted out the current shortage of medicines in Shanghai and the reasons for the shortage.Through interviews,sorted out the shortage of medicines from discovery to treatment,review,and then the smooth procurement process of medical institutions.And through data analysis,the shortage of medicine procurement and supply and price changes were discussed.It is concluded that the current shortage medicines policy has no purchases after being linked to the Internet,the policy is not implemented in place,there are excessive increase varieties,and the overall bargaining has caused some shortages of emergency medicines.And analyzed the reasons.The fourth chapter draws on the experience of the domestic and foreign's "guarantee supply and stabilize prices" mechanism of medicine shortage.Taking the United States and France as examples,analyzed the shortage of medicines in these two countries,their causes,and countermeasures to alleviate the shortage ofmedicines.In China,Jiangsu Province and Liaoning Province are taken as examples to introduce effective policies and measures in recent years,and analyze the differences between domestic and foreign management models and policies,and learned from management experience in these areas.The fifth chapter is the countermeasures and suggestions to improve the mechanism of "guarantee supply and stabilize prices" for the shortage of medicines in Shanghai.By analyzing its own problems and drawing on advanced systems from domestic and foreign,five suggestions are put forward: the first is to optimize the information system for medicine shortage management;the second is to improve the medicine price management and monitoring mechanism;the third is to formulate laws and policies on the shortage of medicines;the fourth is to improve the level of government management decision-making;the fifth is to encourage production and ensure supply.The sixth chapter is a summary of this article.