| Since the UN-UNICEF and UN-Habitat joint launch of the "Child-Friendly Cities Initiative" in 1996,constructing urban spaces from the perspective of children,allowing children to live in healthy,safe,inclusive,green and prosperous communities,has gradually become consensus of urban development in the international community.With the development of high-quality urbanization in China,building child-friendly urban communities is not only a response to meeting children’s space needs,but also an important way to improve the quality of space life of urban residents.According to statistics,the proportion of children in the total number of urban residents in China reached 17.90%in 2015.However,as the most frequently used public space for children in the community,most of the construction mainly considers the needs of adults.The consideration and response to the appeal has led to a low level of child-friendly in public spaces in urban communities,which is not conducive to children’s physical and mental health and development.Therefore,improving the child-friendly evaluation system,measuring the child-friendly level of public spaces in urban communities,and optimizing public spaces in urban communities from the needs of children based on differences in space perception,have important theoretical value and practical significance from the perspective of both social realities and the background of subject development.Based on the logic of "theoretical research,subject research,and countermeasure research",this paper builds on the child-friendly concept of urban communities and builds a child-friendly evaluation model for public spaces in urban communities to further guide the development of public space to promote the value of children’s growth.First,relying on the neighborhood unit theory,spatial justice theory,and function availability theory,based on the interpretation of child-friendly connotations of community public space and the evaluation indicators of existing research,the factor statistical method was used to establish a child-friendly evaluation system of urban community public space.The AHP analytic hierarchy process was used to determine the index weight.Then,conduct an empirical research based on the evaluation model and the research needs to design a questionnaire;select three types of six representative urban communities in Chang’an District of Xi’an,including Type Ⅰ(Vanke City Phase Ⅰ,Agile·Porang Peak)represented by commercial housing,Type Ⅱ communities(Xuelin Yayuan,Maopo New Town)represented by social housing,and Type Ⅲ communities(Fifth Bridge Village,Dajuan Village)represented by urban villages.The survey objects are children in the middle and upper grades of elementary school aged 8-13.Descriptive statistical analysis of children’s community public space use data,fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and analysis of childfriendly of urban community public space.Finally,based on the child-friendly characteristics of urban community public spaces,this paper proposes countermeasures for the construction of child-friendly urban community public spaces.Through research,the main conclusions are as follows:(1)Take physical space-friendly and social space-friendly as comprehensive evaluation indicators,and take space accessibility,space security,environmental comfort,facility completeness,functional diversity,social security,child participation,community The sense of belonging is a sub-item evaluation index,and 27 factors such as walking time,traffic safety,site vision,and site boundaries are used as detailed evaluation layers for the child-friendly evaluation system of urban community public space.The weight of space security(0.4297),social security(0.6680),social order(0.2134),and site environmental security(0.1110)ranks first in all evaluation levels.It can be seen that space security,especially social security,is an important factor affecting the level of child-friendly in community public spaces.(2)The overall child-friendly score of public spaces in urban communities is 3.65,which is relatively friendly.The score of material space-friendly(3.81)is slightly higher than social space-friendly(3,51).The scores of child-friendly in the public space of the three types of communities are the Type Ⅱ communities(3.73),the Type Ⅰ communities(3.68),and the TypeⅢcommunities(3.54).The child-friendly of public spaces in different types of communities shows consistency as a whole,and they are at a relatively friendly level.But at the sub-item evaluation level,they are affected by the differences in objective physical space elements and children’s perception ability.The Type Ⅰcommunitiesare relatively child-friendly in terms of space accessibility,space security,and the Type Ⅲ communities have received more recognition from children in terms of facility integrity,functional diversity,and child participation.The level of child-friendly and importance of the detailed evaluation layer indicators are generally matched.(3)Based on the four principles of satisfying children’s needs,child participation,fair inclusiveness,and promoting neighborhood prosperity,adopt the indicators of continuing to maintain the "high importance-high friendly" and strive to improve the"high importance-low friendly "indicators,progressive optimization of low importancehigh friendly"indicators,and gradually improving the" low importance-low friendly"indicators of differentiated public space construction strategies,focusing on optimizing the spatial scale,opening some green areas,supportting child participation in improving child-friendlys in public spaces in urban communities.The innovations of this article are as follows:First,from the perspective of ChildFriendly Citiy,construct a child-friendly evaluation model of urban community public space that includes two dimensions of material space-friendly and social space-friendly.More comprehensively evaluate the urban community public space from the perspective of child perception,and enrich the theoretical research of building child-friendly community public space.The second is to draw on the IPA model of management to adopt a differentiated space-building strategy based on the matching characteristics of child-friendly and importance,reducing the impact of researchers’ subjective judgments,and more reasonably improving the child-friendly of public spaces in the community.Promote the integration between human geography and management. |
PDF Full Text Request