Analysis On The Impact Of Industrial Digitization On The Employment Structure Of Manufacturing Industry

Manufacturing industry is the main body of the real economy and the main battlefield of industrial digital transformation.Manufacturing enterprises comply with the trend of digital transformation and actively use information and communication technologies such as Internet,big data and artificial intelligence to continuously promote the digitization and service-oriented upgrading of enterprises.However,in the process of promoting industrial digitization,it will have an impact on the employment structure of manufacturing industry,which will produce the phenomenon of "machine replacement",that is,industrial digitization will have a substitution effect on manufacturing employment,and will also expand the production scale of enterprises,so as to promote manufacturing employment.It is worth studying how to realize the dual effects of "digital employment protection" and "Digital Manufacturing" in China.Analyzing the relationship between industrial digitization and manufacturing employment not only enriches the cross research of industrial digitization theory and employment structure theory,but also has strong practical significance for countries,enterprises and individuals.Based on the panel data of 30 provinces in China from 2008 to 2019,this paper uses the combination weighting method to calculate the industrial digitization index system;This paper analyzes the changes of employment structure and labor productivity in manufacturing industry,and calculates the elasticity coefficient and deviation degree of employment structure of 21 manufacturing industries in China from 2008 to 2019;Finally,the panel quantile regression and fixed effect model are constructed to empirically analyze the impact of industrial digitization on the employment structure of manufacturing industry in various regions.The results show that:（1）there are great differences in industrial digitization among provinces.The more economically developed regions can accelerate the development of industrial digitization.The level of industrial digitization in Guangdong,Jiangsu and Zhejiang is relatively good,while the level of digitization in Hainan,Qinghai and Ningxia is relatively low;With the passage of time,the level of industrial digitization has increased steadily.The level of development of the coastal areas in the north is higher,and the level of development of the Yellow River Basin in the south is higher than that in the coastal areas.（2）The proportion of employment in high-tech industries has increased year by year,while the proportion of employment in low,medium and low-tech industries has decreased;The employment elasticity coefficient and employment structure deviation degree of food,beverage,tobacco,textile industry,clothing industry,petroleum,coal and metal products industry are negative,which has a crowding out effect on the labor force;The employment elasticity coefficient and employment structure deviation of pharmaceutical manufacturing industry,transportation equipment manufacturing industry,special equipment manufacturing industry,computer,communication,electronic equipment manufacturing industry and instrument manufacturing industry are positive,which can absorb their labor force.（3）The negative impact of industrial digitization on the provinces with underdeveloped low-tech industries and manufacturing industries is small,and the greater the negative impact with the increase of the degree of development.When the low skilled industries develop to a certain degree of development,the impact is not significant;Industrial digitization has a negative impact on the manufacturing industry of low and medium-tech industries at the low quantile,and has no significant impact on the employment of medium and high-tech industries;Industrial digitization has a positive impact on high-tech industry and manufacturing industry,and the conditional distribution coefficient presents an "inverted U" shape.（4）From the analysis of regional heterogeneity,the industrial digitization in the central,Western and northeast regions has a negative impact on the low-tech manufacturing industry,the eastern region is not significant,and the coefficient affected in the central region is the largest;The industrial digitization in the East and Northeast China has a negative impact on the manufacturing industry of medium and low-tech industries,while it is not significant in the West;Due to the relatively developed development of iron and steel,petrochemical and machine tool equipment manufacturing in Northeast China,the industrial digitization in this region has a positive impact on the manufacturing industry of medium and high-tech industries,which is not significant in other regions.Industrial digitization in the East,middle and west regions has a positive impact on high-tech manufacturing,while industrial digitization in the northeast region has a significant negative impact on high-tech manufacturing.According to the conclusion,the following suggestions are put forward: grasp the industrial digitization plan and the "stable employment" policy to move forward side by side;Strengthen the training and reserve system construction of applied high skilled talents in high-tech industries;Give full play to the construction of "leading" industries in various provinces according to regional differences;Optimize the traditional model,break through key technologies,and speed up the construction of employment platform information.