Research On The Impact Of Artificial Intelligence On The Employment Structure Of Manufacturing Industry

As the pillar of the real economy,the manufacturing industry is a solid foundation for my country to achieve high-quality economic development.At present,China’s manufacturing industry is not only in the whirlpool of fierce global competition,but also on the cusp of the technological revolution.As the core general-purpose technology of the new round of scientific and technological revolution,while promoting the transformation and upgrading of the manufacturing industry,artificial intelligence will also profoundly affect the employment of the manufacturing industry.Therefore,the impact on the employment structure of the manufacturing industry requires further research.Based on this,this paper focuses on combing the relevant literature on the impact of artificial intelligence on employment structure,artificial intelligence on industrial structure,and the relationship between employment structure and industrial structure,combining compensation mechanism theory,industrial technology progress theory,innovation and economic cycle theory,and technology-economic paradigm theory.Construct a theoretical framework for the impact of artificial intelligence on the employment structure of the manufacturing industry,and put forward three hypotheses: first,artificial intelligence will suppress the employment of low-skilled labor and promote the employment of high-skilled labor,so that the manufacturing industry will present a trend of advanced employment structure;second,Artificial intelligence promotes the upgrading of the employment structure of the manufacturing industry by promoting the upgrading of the industrial structure;third,the development of artificial intelligence has a heterogeneous impact on the employment structure in different regions of my country.Then,based on the panel data of 30 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China from 2011 to 2019,an econometric model was built to explore the impact of artificial intelligence on the employment of labor with different skills in the manufacturing industry.The transmission mechanism of industrial structure upgrading between artificial intelligence and manufacturing employment structure.The research results show that,from a national perspective,artificial intelligence has significantly increased the employment scale of high-skilled labor in the manufacturing industry,while reducing the employment scale of low-skilled labor,thereby promoting the upgrading of the employment structure of the manufacturing industry.From a regional perspective,the application of artificial intelligence technology has made the manufacturing employment structure in the eastern region of my country more advanced.However,for the central region,artificial intelligence can only significantly promote high-skilled labor in the manufacturing industry.Skilled labor has no significant effect.In the western region,the development of artificial intelligence has not had a significant impact on the employment structure of manufacturing labor.The results of the mediation effect show that the advanced industrial structure has a mediating effect between artificial intelligence and the advanced manufacturing employment structure,while the rationalization of industrial structure has no mediating effect between artificial intelligence and the advanced manufacturing employment structure.Based on the above analysis,it is proposed to do a good job of backing guarantees to buffer the possible negative impact of artificial intelligence on low-skilled labor in the manufacturing industry;to speed up the construction of an "artificial intelligence + manufacturing" high-skilled compound talent training system;Coordinated evolution of employment structure;improvement of regional coordinated development mechanism and other countermeasures and suggestions.