| Since entering the second decade of this century,China’s economy has entered a stage of high-quality development.A new generation of information technology represented by artificial intelligence has grown into a new engine of economic growth,and it is also a technological highland that various countries want to occupy each other.As the most transformative productivity factor at present,artificial intelligence has an irreplaceable and important role in economic development.While affecting economic development,production relations will also change accordingly.Marx and Engels never studied production relations in isolation,but put them in the study of productivity.Therefore,this article studies the impact of artificial intelligence on labor-management relations from the perspective of productivity and production relations.The fundamental difference between smart production methods and traditional production methods may cause a fundamental change in the technological and economic paradigm.As an important tool for analyzing productivity progress,the techno-economic paradigm plays an important role in the analysis of economic society and production relations.This role is mainly realized through the changes of three core components,namely "key elements",manufacturing paradigm,Organizational form.The key elements of the economic paradigm of artificial intelligence technology are summarized as "data resources","chips",and "algorithms";the manufacturing paradigm is specifically expressed as the intelligent manufacturing paradigm.The new generation of intelligent manufacturing has three notable characteristics: digitalization,networking and intelligence the organizational form also tends to change,forming a new flat organizational form,the most representative "platform organizational form" broke out.Under the new technological and economic paradigm,new production relations have also been adjusted accordingly to meet the needs of new productivity.As an important chapter of production relations,labor-management relations are the focus of this article.Under the paradigm of artificial intelligence technology and economy,in order to adapt to social needs,the traditional form of employment labor is manifested as flexible employment,which hides the employment relationship between labor and capital,Weakened the contractual relationship between labor and capital.The free opening of the platform and the sharing of resources seem to have created the "illusion" that the means of production have been shared,and the actual means of production are still in the hands of capitalists.The labor-management relationship has new controls.First,flexible employment obscures the traditional employment relationship.Laborers sign more contractual relationships with capitalists than formal labor contracts.In fact,seemingly free laborers are firmly controlled by capitalists and form strong labor.Control---the form of weak contract.Second,the capital’s means and methods for labor supervision are updated,from traditional human supervision to modern intelligent monitoring,algorithmic supervision and other new models,the scope of supervision is wider,and the supervision time is longer;third,the capital of intelligent machines the application of doctrine will result in the crowding out of manpower,and the workers who have been defeated in the competition will expand the industrial reserve army.The value created by labor is distributed between capital and workers.Although the income of workers and capital is growing,the growth rate of workers is slower than that of capital income,and capitalist income gradually widens the gap.In response to the above theoretical analysis,this article uses the case of Meituan takeaway riders to conduct field research and interviews to support the first two points of view,and use data from China’s manufacturing industry to show that the impact of artificial intelligence on labor income share is significantly negative.Finally,relevant policy recommendations are put forward based on the viewpoints of this article: one is to develop artificial intelligence and to expand artificial intelligence to create jobs;the other is to improve the social security system.Improve the flexible employment labor security system and improve the relevant policies to help the unemployment security system;third,it is necessary to improve the labor education and training system,and the government will lead enterprises to strengthen career guidance and the training of government-led talents.In the era of artificial intelligence,dynamically grasping the changing situation of labor-management relations and adjusting production relations to better adapt to the development requirements of productivity will help to formulate reasonable policies and promote social harmony and stability. |
