| Objective:Based on the accelerated longitudinal design,this study takes 3～6 year old children as the research object,analyzes the longitudinal development characteristics of their body composition,and provides data support and reference for the development of relevant evaluation standards.In addition,through the investigation of children’s body composition-related factors,the effects of diet and sleep habits on children’s body composition were explored,and providing guidance for society,kindergartens and parents to take the necessary interventions to promote the healthy development of children’s body composition.Methods:A total of 346 children aged 3.0,3.5,4.0 and 4.5 were selected,and their body composition was tested by bio-impedance analysis(BIA)for a period of 1 year for each 6 months.A Hierarchical Liner Modeling(HLM)was used.Fit the three physical test data to obtain the longitudinal development rules of body weight,BMI,fat mass,fat free mass and water;investigate the diet and sleep habits of children and related background information,use multiple linear regression to control the confounding variables,and analyze the relationship between diet and sleep dimensions and body composition.Results:1.Weight,BMI,fat,fat free mass and water all gradually increase with age,and the growth trend of BMI is relatively gentle:at the age of 3.5,the development level of each indicator is 15.29kg,14.59kg/m~2,2.19kg,13.17kg and 9.75kg(P<0.05);the annual increase is 2.71kg,0.25kg/m~2,0.46kg,2.24kg and 1.61kg(P<0.05).2.The body composition is related to gender:at 3.5 years old,there is no difference in body weight and BMI between boys and girls(P>0.05),but boys’development rate is 0.31kg/y and 0.21kg/m~2/y faster than girls’(P<0.05);At 3.5years of age,the fat of girls is 0.44kg higher than that of boys(P<0.05),and the fat free mass and water content are 0.45kg and 0.32kg lower than that of boys(P<0.05),there is no gender difference(P>0.05).3.Infants with different percent of body fat have differences in fat development level and development rate at 3.5 years old,and there are differences in the development rate of fat free mass and height(P<0.05).4.Birth weight and feeding conditions are significant predictors of infant weight,BMI,and fat development characteristics at 3～6 years old.5.Food response score is positively correlated with body weight,BMI,fat free mass,protein and water content,and satiety response is negatively correlated with body weight,BMI,fat,percent of body fat,fat free mass,protein,water and bone minerals;Night awakening is negatively related to infant weight,fat free mass and water content.Daytime sleepiness is positively related to fat and percent of body fat.Sleep quality is positively related to BMI,fat,percent of body fat and bone minerals.Mean sleep time was only negatively correlated with bone minerals.Conclusion:1.Children’s weight,BMI,fat,fat free mass and water all increase linearly with age,and BMI growth rate is slow;percent of body fat basically shows no trend with age.2.The gender difference in the development of body composition of boys and girls is already manifested at this age:boys’weight and BMI develop faster than girls,and the difference gradually increases with age;boys’fat free mass and water content are higher than girls’,but girls have a higher percent of body fat.3.The development rate of height,fat free mass and fat of those with low percent of body fat is lower than that of the normal group,but the opposite is true of those with high percent of body fat.4.The difference in body weight between giant children and normal children at the age of 3～6 mainly comes from fat content;exclusive breastfeeding for more than6 months is a protective factor for overweight and obesity at the age of 3～6.5.Children’s food intake is the main predictor of overweight and obesity;good sleep quality is an important guarantee for the normal development of fat in children;preschoolers who wake up relatively frequently at night have low fat free mass. |
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