Research On Cheating In Imperial Examinations And Prevention And Punishment Measures In Korean Dynasty

The cheating in the imperial examination and the measures to prevent and punish it are the more ancient and unchanged contents of the imperial examination system,and are constantly updated with the improvement and development of the imperial examination system.The study of cheating in the imperial examination and the measures to prevent and punish it is beneficial to understand the culture and social culture of the imperial examination system in the Korean Peninsula and improve the contemporary examination system.Taking cheating in the imperial examination and measures to prevent punishment as the starting point,this paper studied the cheating in the imperial examination and measures to prevent punishment in the Korean Dynasty by means of vertical combing and horizontal comparison,with the focus on exploring the content and characteristics of the cheating in the imperial examination and measures to prevent punishment in the Korean Dynasty.This paper is divided into three parts: introduction,text and conclusion.The introduction mainly elaborates the purpose and significance of the topic selection,research trends and innovative points,research methods and ideas.The body part is divided into three chapters:The second chapter studies the emergence and development of the imperial examination system in the Korean Dynasty,and describes its function in detail.Firstly,it discusses the course of the establishment and development of the imperial examination system in the Korean Dynasty,and analyzes the characteristics of each period.Secondly,the function of the imperial examination system is discussed from three aspects of politics,society and bureaucracy,revealing the inevitability of the cheating phenomenon in the imperial examination and the result of the drawbacks and even the final decline under the continuous improvement of the feudal centralized rule.The third and fourth chapters are the core of the paper.The third chapter makes an in-depth study of the cheating methods,ways to prevent cheating and measures to punish cheating in the imperial examinations of the Korean Dynasty,and summarizes its characteristics.In terms of cheating methods,it showed the characteristics of individuality,comprehensiveness,class and times,such as cheating,holding coops,ghostwriting,changing papers,cutting papers,symbols,asking for help,appearing unconsciously and repeatedly prohibiting,which ran through the imperial examination of the Korean Dynasty.In order to prevent and control cheating in the imperial examination,the Korean Dynasty repeatedly made laws to continue the experience of the previous dynasties and draw lessons from the Ming Dynasty to constantly improve the ways of preventing cheating.The laws were formulated to guarantee the origin,search and avoid cheating before the examination.The examination room is very busy;After examination sealing,transcribing,paste name,to read;Finally change the test,talk about the authenticity of the test,and a series of anti-fraud methods,but ultimately lagged behind the frequency of cheating means;The loose and flexible anti-fraud way and the examinee’s self-resistance to the examiner’s private activities make the anti-fraud have the characteristics of hysteresis,repetition and spontaneity.In terms of punishment measures,because of its consistent principle of light punishment,the punishment of cheating examinees and examiners was relatively light,which generally included name reduction,examination deferment and dismissal.The two classes of examinees according to their privileges and ordinary examinees punishment is different,and show their limitations of The Times to become the defenders of the feudal ethics system.From the perspective of cheating in the imperial examination,this paper interprets the process of the continuous improvement and decline of the imperial examination system in the Korean Dynasty by summarizing the characteristics and detailing the contents.The fourth chapter compares the cheating methods,prevention methods and punishment measures of the imperial examination between the early Chosun Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty.Through comparison and analysis of the similarities and differences of cheating in the imperial examination and measures to prevent and punish,the two countries are highly consistent in the attitude of rulers to cheating in the imperial examination,the types of cheating in the examinees and the relationship between cheating in the imperial examination and party rivalry,which is closely related to the similar political organizations and cultural development of the two countries.The difference is mainly reflected in cheating ways,anti-cheating measures and punishment.Compared with the Ming Dynasty,the strict status hierarchy and the detached status of the two classes in the Joseon Dynasty encouraged the common people to take their places and the scribes to write for them.The traditional principle of light punishment in the Korean Dynasty promoted the increasingly fierce wind of cheating,which eventually led to the occurrence of striking the list and cutting the exam with distinctive features.In the Ming Dynasty,cheating methods with its long historical inheritance,all stages of the procedure more developed and perfect.In addition,this paper further discusses the deep-rooted reasons for such differences.The electoral scope,social status and hierarchy,the perfection of the development of the imperial examination system and the differences in the attitude of national politics towards the feudal scholar-officialdom all lead to the differences in the measures taken to prevent and punish the cheating in the imperial examination.In addition,the increasingly decayed ruling class,the same social orientation and the fixed eight-part format also made cheating in the imperial examination more and more forbidden,which revealed the fundamental differences between the two countries in political and cultural origin.