Research On The Essays Of Imperial Examinations In The Ming Dynasty

Cewen(??)is the core content of the Highest Imperial Examination in the Ming Dynasty,which is composed of Zhice(??)and Duice(??).Zhice is generally written by the emperor.Duice is the basis for measuring the qualifications of the candidates.Also,the evaluation system of Cewen in Highest Imperial Examination is relatively fair and just.The number of existing textbooks that can be tested in the Ming Dynasty is relatively complete,providing a reliable literature basis for research.With the development of Cewen in Highest Imperial Examination till the Ming Dynasty,it formed into a unique structure.Zhice has certain stability in the relatively flexible structure.Whereas,Duice is changed from the traditional mode to the mature mode,and its structure is changed from the single argument to the dual arguments within the mature mode.The existence of Zhao Bingzhong's Duice also provides a reference for the external form of Duice in the Ming Dynasty.In terms of content,the subjects of Cewen in the Ming Dynasty have their own themes.The ideological aspect reflects the intersection of traditional Confucianism and Neo-Confucianism,the spirit of retreat,and the consciousness of ancient times.Cewen has a unique question-and-answer model.The emperor makes hints and guidance in the policy,meanwhile the candidates respond flexibly in different ways.However,this question-and-answer model has drawbacks.Cewen can reflect the emperor's focus and attitude on the current situation and the social status at that time.According to these,the five features of respectibe stage are presented,and the perspective of the emperor's ruling mentality and the Ming Dynasty society is provided as well.In general,Cewen in Highest Imperial Examination have the characteristics of utility,current affairs,politics,and literariness,and the utility is the most important one.But at the same time,there are some limitations on the flattery and rigidity,the deviation of the identity of the candidates;the political significance is greater than the utility.