| Objective:The present study aimed to compare the differences in positive screening rates of ADHD symptoms between parents and teachers in the same sample of primary school students.At the same time,parental awareness and information sources of ADHD were investigated,to understand the current situation of diagnosis and treatment of ADHD children.The related factors that may affect parents’ awareness of ADHD,the rate of consultation and treatment of ADHD were analyzed.And further analyze the influence of factors affecting parents’ awareness on the positive screening rate of ADHD.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted in Changchun,China,between September2020 and January 2021.Parents of 1118 primary school students and 24 head teachers were recruited in the survey using a stratified two-stage cluster sampling technique.Data was collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire.It consists of socio-demographic characteristics,ADHD symptom screening questionnaire,parental awareness and information sources of ADHD.The parents were divided into two groups according to the scores of parental awareness of ADHD questionnaire,better awareness group and poorer awareness group.Chi-square test was used to compare the positive screening rate of ADHD symptoms between parents and teachers,and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the correlation between social demographic data,sources of ADHD information and parental awareness of ADHD.Descriptive analysis of the diagnosis and treatment status of ADHD,children with ADHD-related symptoms were divided into treatment or no treatment groups according to parents ’ treatment attitude,the chi-square test compared the two groups’ socio-demographic data,and the factors affecting parents’ treatment were analyzed.Results:Among the 1118 primary school students,30（2.7%）and 60（5.4%）were positive for SNAP-IV screening in parental version and teacher version respectively.Parents had significantly lower positive screening rates for ADHD symptoms than teachers（χ~2=10.419,P=0.001）.In the hyperactivity/impulsivity dimension of SNAP-IV,the total score,average score of each item and the number of positive items assessed by teachers were significantly higher than those of parents（P<0.05）.Relationships with children（mother,OR=1.552,95%CI 1.104-2.180）,bachelor degree or above of parents（OR=1.526,95%CI 1.054-2.210）,children’s gender（girl,OR=1.442,95%CI1.093-1.904）and age（OR=1.344,95%CI 1.030-1.754）,children’s grade（grade 2,OR=0.522,95%CI 0.310-0.878,grade 3,OR=0.388,95%CI 0.185-0.782）,information sources of ADHD（medical staff,OR=1.494,95%CI 1.108-2.015,family/relative/friend,OR=1.547,95%CI 1.148-2.083,TV/Internet,OR=3.200,95%CI 2.270-4.510）were the factors related to the parental awareness of ADHD.Positive screening rate of ADHD symptoms of parents in the group with better awareness of ADHD was higher than that in the group with the poorer awareness,but there was no significant difference between the two groups（P>0.05）.A number of 933 parents who have effectively completed the survey.Among the 933 parents,57% of the parents chose to see doctors（medical institutions）;however,only 143 parents said they had taken their children to the hospital.Of the 143 parents,Sixty（42%）of the parents chose to take their children to general hospitals,sixty-six parents（46 %）said they had difficulty in finding a specialist in the clinic during their visits.122（88%）parents said their children had not received any treatment for the past 12 months,Only 17（12%）parents said their children had received relevant treatment in the past12 months.136（95%）parents said their children were not currently receiving any treatment,and only seven parents said their child was currently receiving ADHD.Comparing parents who took their children to the hospital with those who did not,there were significant differences in educational level between the two groups（P<0.05）.Conclusion:Parents and teachers of primary school students have different awareness of ADHD symptoms.The positive screening rate of ADHD among teachers is significantly higher than that of parents.Teachers have higher rates of rating and recognition of hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms.Relationships with children,the educational level of parents,children’s gender,age and grade,information sources of ADHD are the relevant factors affecting parental awareness of ADHD.The consultation rate and treatment of ADHD children in Changchun city are generally low,and there is a significant correlation between parents’ education level and the consultation rate.More efforts should be made to disseminate ADHD knowledge through TV,internet and medical staff,and male parents,parents with a below bachelor’s degree and parents of primary school students in grade 2 and 3 should be encouraged to participate actively,so as to hopefully improve the early recognition rate of ADHD symptoms,so that ADHD children can be diagnosed and treated in time. |
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