Selection Of Potato Varieties With Reduced Application Of Chemical Fertilizer And High-efficiency Utilization Of Water And Fertilizer In Arid Area Of Northern Shaanxi

As the fourth largest food crop,potato is of crucial significance in protecting China’s food security.However,in the current production process,there is a phenomenon of excessive fertilization,which not only increases production input,but also causes a series of safety problems,which greatly hinders the sustainable development of the potato industry.In this study,two parts of the experiment were carried out based on the actual planting conditions in the arid area of northern Shaanxi.In the experiment of reducing chemical fertilizer application and increasing efficiency,three color potato varieties,namely Kexin 1,the local main planting variety Kexin 1,and the team of Professor Chen Qin from Northwest A&F University,cultivated three colorful potato varieties,namely Huangmei 3,Zimei 5 and Hongmei 5,and set drip irrigation for flat cropping and drought for flat cropping,ridge cropping drip irrigation and ridge cropping drought 4 kinds of cultivation methods and 5fertility levels of 0 times fertilizer,0.5 times fertilizer,1 times fertilizer,1.5 times fertilizer and 2 times fertilizer.Yield data is obtained through field test and explores the effect of chemical fertilizer reduction supplemented by different cultivation methods on potato yield.Variety screening test through the analysis of the yield and quality traits of 25 tested varieties,to screen out high-yield and high-quality potato varieties suitable for the existing planting patterns in Yulin arid areas,and provide a basis for the selection of potato varieties in Yulin arid areas.The following conclusions are drawn:(1)Under the four different cultivation methods,the four varieties can ensure high yield performance under the premise of reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer.Kexin No.1and Huang Meigui No.3 can be reduced by 50% chemical fertilizer to maintain high yield,number of commercial potatoes and quality commercial potatoes under the ridge cropping drip irrigation cultivation mode;Zimei No.5 can be reduced under the flat cropping drip irrigation cultivation mode.Apply 50% chemical fertilizer to maintain high yield,number of commercial potatoes and high quality commercial potatoes;Red Rose 5 can reduce 50% of chemical fertilizers to maintain high yield,number of commercial potatoes,and high quality commercial potatoes under flat cropping and dry cultivation..(2)The increasing potential of the four cultivation methods for potato yield is from large to small: ridge cropping drip irrigation> flat cropping drip irrigation> ridge cropping drought> flat cropping drought.Drip irrigation is conducive to the use of fertilizers in potatoes,which in turn increases the yield;under drought conditions,the effect of fertilizer increase is not significant.(3)Variety selection experiment took Shaboti No.1 as the control,and screened out 9potato varieties with comprehensive yield and quality traits better than the control variety,namely W2 Purple Rose No.5,Red Rose No.5,Black Rose No.5,Yellow Rose No.4,Purple Rose No.2,Yellow Rose No.6,Yellow Rose No.3,Red Rose No.8 and W55-Mini Purple Rose No.7.(4)W55-Mini Purple Rose No.7 has the highest starch content,reaching 20.13%,and the dry matter content is 24.85%.The results of quality data show that Huang Rose 6 and W55-Mini Purple Rose 7 have higher starch content and are suitable for whole powder processing;Huang Rose 4 has higher dry matter content and lower reducing sugar content,which is suitable for snack food processing;Red Rose No.8,Yellow Rose No.3,Purple Rose No.2 and Red Rose No.5 have high soluble protein and VC content and moderate starch content,which is suitable for fresh food;W2 Purple Rose No.5 and Hei Rose No.5have total phenols The content of anthocyanin is relatively high and can be used as a raw material for functional food development.