| Agriculture is the foundation of the national economy,and the issue of "three rural areas" has always been an important concern for the government and academia.In order to modernize Chinese agriculture,the No.1 document of the Central Government in 2015 proposed for the first time to "promote the integrated development of the three rural industries",and the report of the 19 th Party Congress proposed a major initiative to "effectively connect small farmers with modern agriculture".However,under the reality of "small farmers in a big country",how to guide small farmers to effectively participate in the integrated development of the agricultural industry chain is not only related to the increase of farmers’ income,but also related to the "integration of three rural industries","effective connection between small farmers and modern agriculture" and rural revitalization.It is of great significance that it is not only related to the income of farmers,but also to the "integration of three rural industries","effective connection between small farmers and modern agriculture" and rural revitalization strategy.Most of the existing literature has studied the integration of three rural products at the macro level and has achieved fruitful results.However,most of them focus on the performance evaluation and influence factors of the integration of rural three industries on farmers’ income and learning effects.What is the current situation of farmers’ participation in the integration and development of industrial chain subjects?How to quantify and measure it? And what factors affect the degree of farmers’ participation in industrial chain integration,and whether the heterogeneity of farmers has differences in the influencing factors on the degree of participation in industrial chain integration have not been thoroughly explored and empirically studied.Therefore,this paper takes Zhaosu County,Xinjiang,as an example,to measure the degree of integration of farmers and herders participating in the main body of the horse industry chain: cooperatives,enterprises and tourist attractions,the specific influencing factors and the variability of farmers and herders heterogeneity and different modes on the influencing factors of the degree of integration.The following main conclusions were drawn from the study.(Ⅰ)The survey sample statistics found that(1)farmers and herdsmen have already participated to a higher degree in the integration development of the main bodies of the horse industry chain-cooperatives,enterprises and tourist attractions;(2)farmers and herdsmen’s willingness to participate is high,indicating that farmers and herdsmen have a high degree of policy recognition of the integration development of the horse industry chain,and most farmers and herdsmen are willing to participate in the integration development of the horse industry chain.(Ⅱ)The quantitative measurement by Herfindahl index method found that: the degree of farmers and herdsmen’s participation in the integration of the horse industry chain is within the range of [0,0.40),the overall integration degree is low,and the degree of farmers and herdsmen’s participation in the integration of cooperatives(0.32)is the highest,followed by tourist attractions(0.16)and finally enterprises(0.13),which indicates that cooperatives play an important role in farmers and herdsmen’s participation in the integration of the industry chain.(Ⅲ)The Tobit model empirical test found that(1)the willingness of farmers and herdsmen to participate in cooperatives and tourist attractions significantly and positively affects the degree of integration;(2)the independent development ability of farmers and herdsmen has a significant positive impact in the ability to obtain information in the participating cooperatives and tourist attractions;the risk coping ability has a significant positive impact on the participating enterprises and tourist attractions;the resource management ability has a significant positive influence;environmental support ability,the government organization training in the participating cooperatives has a significant positive influence,the participating tourist attractions have a significant positive influence;active understanding of policies in the participating cooperatives,enterprises have a significant positive influence;(3)farmers and herdsmen in the production factors input to the degree of integration of the participating tourist attractions have a significant positive influence,personal skills input to the participating cooperatives,tourist attractions and enterprises have(3)farmers and herders have significant positive influence on the degree of integration of production factors in participating in tourism scenic spots,personal skills inputs have significant positive influence on participating in cooperatives,tourism scenic spots and enterprises,and farming scale inputs have significant positive influence in participating in cooperatives and enterprises.(Ⅳ)Analysis from the heterogeneity of farmers and herdsmen and the comparison of influencing factors of participation in different modes:(1)among different ages: significant positive influence of farmers and herdsmen in the lower and higher age groups on participation in cooperatives and tourism and cultural programs;more significant positive influence of the lower age group in the ability to understand the type of information,the ability to obtain information channels,and the idea of farming scale expansion in the ability to develop independently;more significant positive influence of the higher age group in the training organized by the government(2)Among the different education levels,the positive influence was more pronounced in the lower age group in terms of production factor input and personal skill input.(2)Among different education levels: more significant positive influence of the willingness to participate in cooperatives and tourism and cultural programs among low-culture farmers and herdsmen;more significant positive influence of the type of information understanding,information access channels,and increased feed ability among low-culture farmers and herdsmen;more significant positive influence of production factor inputs,personal skill inputs,and fixed asset inputs among high-culture farmers and herdsmen.(3)in different income: more significant positive influence of high income farmers and herdsmen with cooperative willingness,more significant positive influence of low income farmers and herdsmen with willingness to sell tourist attractions;more significant positive influence of understanding the type of information ability,production factors input,personal skills input,fixed assets input low income farmers and herdsmen;more significant positive influence of breeding scale expansion idea,active understanding policy high income farmers and herdsmen.(4)In different horse breeding scales: more significant positive influence of willingness to participate in cooperatives small-scale farmers and herders;more significant positive influence of willingness to participate in enterprises,ideas of breeding scale expansion and government organization training,active understanding of policies,personal skills input,fixed assets input large scale farmers and herders;significant positive influence of understanding the type of information in both large scale and small scale farmers and herders;significant positive influence of cooperative risk in small scale farmers and herders(3)The negative impact of the model on the degree of integration;the positive impact of production factor input is more significant in small-scale farmers and herders.(5)In the comparison of factors affecting the degree of integration by different modes,it is found that: more significant positive influence of participation in cooperatives in the farmer+cooperative mode;more significant positive influence of tourism scenic sales in the farmer+cooperative mode;more significant positive influence of the type of information learned in the farmer+enterprise mode and the farmer+tourism mode;active knowledge of policies in the farmer+cooperative mode,the farmer+enterprise mode and the farmer+tourism mode;the positive effect of access to information channels is more significant in the farmer+cooperative mode;the positive effect of government-organized training is more significant in the farmer+enterprise mode and the farmer+tourism mode;the positive effect of production factor inputs is more significant in the farmer+enterprise mode;the positive effect of personal skill inputs is more significant in the farmer+cooperative mode,the farmer+enterprise mode and the farmer+tourism mode;and the positive effect of farming scale inputs is more significant in the farmer+cooperative mode.The positive effect of farming scale input was more significant in the farmer+cooperative model.Therefore,based on the above research findings,this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations:(1)give full play to the advantages of horse industry resources to drive farmers and herdsmen to increase their income;(2)cultivate new business entities and establish an operation system for the integrated development of horse industry chain;(3)enhance the independent development ability and input behavior of farmers and herdsmen to enhance the integrated development of horse industry chain;(4)improve the benefit linkage mechanism of farmers and herdsmen and promote subsidies and preferential policies;(5)increase the construction of talent teams and strengthen the construction of special brands. |
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